Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Epitaxy
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
==Mechanism== [[Image:GrowthModes.png|thumb|450px|'''Figure 1'''. Cross-section views of the three primary modes of thin-film growth including (a) Volmer–Weber (VW: island formation), (b) Frank–van der Merwe (FM: layer-by-layer), and (c) Stranski–Krastanov (SK: layer-plus-island). Each mode is shown for several different amounts of surface coverage, Θ.]] Heteroepitaxial growth is classified into three primary growth modes-- '''Volmer–Weber''' (VW), [[Frank–Van der Merwe growth|'''Frank–van der Merwe''']] (FM) and [[Stranski–Krastanov growth|'''Stranski–Krastanov''']] (SK).<ref name="Bauer pp. 372–394">{{cite journal |last=Bauer |first=Ernst |title=Phänomenologische Theorie der Kristallabscheidung an Oberflächen. I |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958ZK....110..372B/abstract |journal=Zeitschrift für Kristallographie |year=1958 |volume=110 |issue=1–6 |pages=372–394 |doi=10.1524/zkri.1958.110.1-6.372 |bibcode=1958ZK....110..372B |access-date=2022-05-03}}</ref><ref name="Brune 2009 p.">{{cite journal |last=Brune |first=H. |date=2009-04-14 |title=Growth Modes |url=https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/135795 |journal=Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, Sect. 1.9, Physical Properties of Thin Films and Artificial Multilayers |page= |access-date=2022-05-03}}</ref> In the VW growth regime, the epitaxial film grows out of 3D nuclei on the growth surface. In this mode, the adsorbate-adsorbate interactions are stronger than adsorbate-surface interactions, leading to island formation by local nucleation and the epitaxial layer is formed when the islands join. In the FM growth mode, adsorbate-surface and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions are balanced, which promotes 2D layer-by-layer or step-flow epitaxial growth. The SK mode is a combination of VW and FM modes. In this mechanism, the growth initiates in the FM mode, forming 2D layers, but after reaching a critical thickness, enters a VW-like 3D island growth regime. Practical epitaxial growth, however, takes place in a high supersaturation regime, away from thermodynamic equilibrium. In that case, the epitaxial growth is governed by adatom kinetics rather than thermodynamics, and 2D step-flow growth becomes dominant.<ref name="Brune 2009 p." />
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)