Editing Evolutionary game theory (section)

===Classical game theory===
{{Main|Game theory}}

Classical [[non-cooperative game theory]] was conceived by [[John von Neumann]] to determine optimal strategies in competitions between adversaries. A contest involves players, all of whom have a choice of moves. Games can be a single round or repetitive. The approach a player takes in making their moves constitutes their strategy. Rules govern the outcome for the moves taken by the players, and outcomes produce payoffs for the players; rules and resulting payoffs can be expressed as [[decision tree]]s or in a [[Matrix (mathematics)|payoff matrix]]. Classical theory requires the players to make rational choices. Each player must consider the strategic analysis that their opponents are making to make their own choice of moves.<ref>{{citation |first=J. v. |last=Neumann |s2cid=122961988 |year=1928 |title=Zur Theorie der Gesellschaftsspiele |journal=[[Mathematische Annalen]] |volume=100 |issue=1 |pages=295–320 |doi=10.1007/BF01448847}} English translation: {{citation |chapter=On the Theory of Games of Strategy |editor1-first=A. W. |editor1-last=Tucker |editor2-first=R. D. |editor2-last=Luce |year=1959 |title=Contributions to the Theory of Games |volume=4 |pages=13–42 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=0691079374 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9lSVFzsTGWsC&pg=PA13}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Philip |last=Mirowski |chapter=What Were von Neumann and Morgenstern Trying to Accomplish? |editor-first=E. Roy |editor-last=Weintraub |title=Toward a History of Game Theory |location=Durham |publisher=Duke University Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-8223-1253-6 |pages=113–147 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CHY2Gozh1MC&pg=PA113 }}</ref>