Editing Evolvability (section)

==Generating more variation==
More heritable phenotypic variation means more evolvability. While mutation is the ultimate source of heritable variation, its permutations and combinations also make a big difference. Sexual reproduction generates more variation (and thereby evolvability) relative to asexual reproduction (see [[evolution of sexual reproduction]]). Evolvability is further increased by generating more variation when an organism is stressed,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ram Y, Hadany L | title = The evolution of stress-induced hypermutation in asexual populations | journal = Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution | volume = 66 | issue = 7 | pages = 2315–28 | date = July 2012 | pmid = 22759304 | doi = 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01576.x | s2cid = 35770307 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and thus likely to be less well adapted, but less variation when an organism is doing well. The amount of variation generated can be adjusted in many different ways, for example via the [[mutation rate]], via the probability of [[sexual reproduction |sexual]] vs. [[asexual reproduction]], via the probability of [[outcrossing]] vs. [[inbreeding]], via [[biological dispersal |dispersal]], and via access to previously cryptic variants through the switching of an [[evolutionary capacitance |evolutionary capacitor]]. A large population size increases the influx of novel mutations in each generation.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Karasov T, Messer PW, Petrov DA | title = Evidence that adaptation in Drosophila is not limited by mutation at single sites | journal = PLOS Genetics | volume = 6 | issue = 6 | pages = e1000924 | date = June 2010 | pmid = 20585551 | pmc = 2887467 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000924 | doi-access = free }}</ref>