Editing Exploit (computer security) (section)

==Classification==
There are several methods of classifying exploits. The most common is by how the exploit communicates to the vulnerable software.

''By Method of Communication:''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-18 |title=What Is An Exploit? |url=https://www.ituonline.com/tech-definitions/what-is-an-exploit/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |language=en-US}}</ref>

* '''Remote Exploits''': Works over a network and exploits the security vulnerability without any prior access to the vulnerable system.
* '''Local Exploits:''' Requires prior access or physical access to the vulnerable system, and usually increases the privileges of the person running the exploit past those granted by the system administrator.

''By Targeted Component:''<ref name=":0" />

* '''Server-Side Exploits''': Target vulnerabilities in server applications, such as web servers or database servers, often by sending maliciously crafted requests to exploit security flaws.
* '''Client-Side Exploits''': Target vulnerabilities in client applications, such as web browsers ([[browser exploit]]s) or media players. These exploits often require user interaction, like visiting a malicious website or opening a compromised file. Exploits against client applications may also require some interaction with the user and thus may be used in combination with the [[social engineering (security)|social engineering]] method.

The classification of exploits based<ref>{{cite web |title=Exploits Database by Offensive Security |url=https://www.exploit-db.com/ |website=www.exploit-db.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Exploit Database {{!}} Rapid7 |url=https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/ |website=www.rapid7.com}}</ref> on the type of vulnerability they exploit and the result of running the exploit (e.g., Elevation of Privilege ([[Elevation of Privilege (computing)|EoP]]), Denial of Service ([[Denial of Service (computing)|DoS]]), [[Spoofing attack|spoofing]]) is a common practice in cybersecurity. This approach helps in systematically identifying and addressing security threats. For instance, the STRIDE threat model categorizes threats into six types, including Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Information Disclosure, Denial of Service, and Elevation of Privilege.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is the STRIDE Threat Model? |url=https://www.purestorage.com/knowledge/stride-threat-model.html |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=www.purestorage.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Similarly, the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) categorizes vulnerabilities by types such as Authentication Bypass by Spoofing and Authorization Bypass.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Vulnerability Database - Vulnerabilities |url=https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/categories |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=nvd.nist.gov}}</ref> 

''By Type of [[Vulnerability (computer security)|Vulnerability]]:'' 

* '''Code Execution Exploits:''' Allow attackers to execute arbitrary code on the target system, potentially leading to full system compromise.
* '''Denial-of-Service (DoS) Exploits''': Aim to disrupt the normal functioning of a system or service, making it unavailable to legitimate users.
* '''Privilege Escalation Exploits''': Enable attackers to gain higher privileges on a system than initially granted, potentially leading to unauthorized actions.
* '''Information Disclosure Exploits:''' Lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information due to vulnerabilities in the system.

Another classification is by the action against the vulnerable system; unauthorized data access, arbitrary code execution, and denial of service are examples.