Editing Export (section)

== Barriers ==
There are four main types of export barriers: motivational, informational, operational/resource-based, and knowledge.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Seringhaus| first=F. R|title=Government export promotion: A global perspective |publisher=Routledge| year=1990|isbn=0415000645|pages=1}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Stouraitis|first1=Vassilios|last2=Boonchoo|first2=Pattana|last3=Mior Harris|first3=Mior Harun|last4=Kyritsis|first4=Markos|date=2017|title=Entrepreneurial perceptions and bias of SME exporting opportunities for manufacturing exporters: A UK study.|url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-03-2017-0095/full/html |journal=Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development|volume=24|issue=4|pages=906–927|doi=10.1108/JSBED-03-2017-0095}}</ref>

[[Trade barrier]]s are laws, [[regulation]]s, [[policies|policy]], or practices that protect domestically made products from foreign competition. While restrictive business practices sometimes have a similar effect, they are not usually regarded as trade barriers. The most common foreign trade barriers are government-imposed measures and policies that restrict, prevent, or impede the international exchange of goods and services.<ref name="trade_barriers">{{cite web |title = Targeted Trade Barriers |url = http://www.cftech.com/BrainBank/INTERNATIONALAFFAIRS/TargTradBarr.html |publisher = cftech.com |access-date = 27 July 2015 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130429151154/http://www.cftech.com/BrainBank/INTERNATIONALAFFAIRS/TargTradBarr.html |archive-date = 29 April 2013 }}</ref>

=== Strategic ===
{{Further|Export control}}
International agreements limit trade-in and the transfer of certain types of goods and information, e.g., goods associated with weapons of mass destruction, advanced telecommunications, arms and torture and also some art and [[archaeological artifact]]s. For example:
* [[Nuclear Suppliers Group]] limits trade in nuclear weapons and associated goods (45 countries participate).
* The [[Australia Group]] limits trade in chemical and biological weapons and associated goods (39 countries).
* [[Missile Technology Control Regime]] limits trade in the means of delivering weapons of mass destruction (35 countries).
* The [[Wassenaar Arrangement]] limits trade in conventional arms and technological developments (40 countries).
Although the outbreak of [[COVID-19]] sufficiently changed the world economy, people started doing business, so international trade is a key for economic growth. Armenia's economy is dependent on international flows, tourism, and inner production. Competitive export Industries were established which helped the growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to generate financial resources. The market shifted to more efficient exporters, which is the effect of trade liberalization on aggregate productivity. Due to the increase of the number of international business activities through a multilateral trading system, RA Government Program, which was approved in February 2019, the government policy became the objective of economic growth. The period established for the program was 2019-2024. Export quality is developed by developing the export volumes and services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ameriaadvisory.am/armenias-export-of-goods-and-services/|title = Armenia's Export of Goods and Services|date = May 2020}}</ref>

=== Tariffs ===
[[Tariff]]s, a tax on a specific good or category of goods exported from or imported to a country, is an economic barrier to trade.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tariff.asp|title=Tariff|author=Investopedia Staff|date=24 November 2003|work=Investopedia|access-date=7 May 2017|language=en-US |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206154024/https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tariff.asp|archive-date=6 December 2017}}</ref> A tariff increases the cost of imported or exported goods, and may be used when domestic producers are having difficulty competing with imports. Tariffs may also be used to protect an industry viewed as being of national security concern. Some industries receive protection that has a similar effect to [[subsidies]]; tariffs reduce the industry's incentives to produce goods quicker, cheaper, and more efficiently, becoming ever less competitive.

The third basis for a tariff involves [[dumping (pricing policy)|dumping]]. When a producer exports at a loss, its competitors may term this ''dumping''. Another case is when the exporter prices a good lower in the export market than in its domestic market.<ref name="tariff">{{cite web |author = Mike Moffatt |title = The Economic Effect of Tariffs |url = http://economics.about.com/cs/taxpolicy/a/tariffs.htm |access-date = 27 July 2015 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150906075517/http://economics.about.com/cs/taxpolicy/a/tariffs.htm |archive-date = 6 September 2015 }}</ref> The purpose and expected outcome of a tariff is to encourage spending on domestic goods and services rather than their imported equivalents.

Tariffs may create tension between countries, such as the [[United States steel tariff 2002|United States steel tariff in 2002]], and when China placed a 14% tariff on imported auto parts. Such tariffs may lead to a complaint with the [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO) which sets rules and attempts to resolve trade disputes.<ref name="WTO">[https://www.pbs.org/nbr/site/onair/transcripts/060330b/ US/China Trade Tensions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516004140/http://www.pbs.org/nbr/site/onair/transcripts/060330b/ |date=16 May 2011 }}, [[Public Broadcasting Service|Darren Gersh]]. Retrieved 21 May 2006.</ref> If that is unsatisfactory, the exporting country may choose to put a tariff of its own on imports from the other country.

[[File:Hamburg.CTA.Altenwerder.BungaRaya.wmt.jpg|thumb|300px|Vessel at Altenwerder Container Terminal (Hamburg)]]