Editing Extreme value theory (section)

==Applications==
Applications of extreme value theory include predicting the probability distribution of:
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* Extreme [[flood]]s; the size of [[freak wave]]s
* [[Tornado]] outbreaks<ref>{{harvp|Tippett|Lepore|Cohen|2016}}</ref>
* Maximum sizes of [[population (ecology)|ecological population]]s<ref>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Batt      |first1=Ryan D.
 |last2=Carpenter |first2=Stephen R.
 |last3=Ives      |first3=Anthony R.
 |date=March 2017
 |title=Extreme events in lake ecosystem time series
 |journal=Limnology and Oceanography Letters
 |volume=2 |issue=3 |page=63
 |doi=10.1002/lol2.10037  |doi-access=free
 |bibcode=2017LimOL...2...63B
}}
</ref>
* [[Side effect]]s of [[prescription drug|drugs]] (e.g., [[ximelagatran]])
* The magnitudes of large [[insurance]] losses
* [[Equity risk]]s; day-to-day [[market risk]]
* [[Mutation]] events during [[evolution]]
* Large [[wildfire]]s<ref>{{harvp|Alvarado|Sandberg|Pickford|1998|p=68}}</ref>
* [[Structural load|Environmental loads on structures]]<ref>{{harvp|Makkonen|2008}}</ref>
* Time the fastest [[human running speed|humans could ever run]] the [[100 metres|100 metres sprint]]<ref>
{{cite report
 |first1=J.H.J.   |last1=Einmahl
 |first2=S.G.W.R. |last2=Smeets
 |year=2009
 |title=Ultimate 100m world records through extreme-value theory
 |series=CentER Discussion Paper |volume=57
 |publisher=Tilburg University
 |url=https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/1244969/j.1467-9574.2010.00470.x.pdf
 |access-date=2009-08-12
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312023048/https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/1244969/j.1467-9574.2010.00470.x.pdf
 |archive-date=2016-03-12
}}
</ref> and performances in other [[Sport of athletics|athletic]] disciplines<ref>
{{cite journal
 |first1=D. |last1=Gembris
 |first2=J. |last2=Taylor
 |first3=D. |last3=Suter
 | title = Trends and random fluctuations in athletics
 | journal = Nature
 | volume = 417  | issue =  6888 | page = 506
 | year = 2002
 | doi=10.1038/417506a | doi-access = free
 | bibcode =  2002Natur.417..506G | pmid=12037557
 | hdl =  2003/25362 | s2cid = 13469470
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
 | first1 = D. | last1 = Gembris
 | first2 = J. | last2 = Taylor
 | first3 = D. | last3 = Suter
 | year = 2007
 | title = Evolution of athletic records: Statistical effects versus real improvements
 | journal = [[Journal of Applied Statistics]]
 | volume = 34 | issue = 5 | pages = 529–545
 | doi=10.1080/02664760701234850  | pmid = 38817921
 | s2cid = 55378036
 | bibcode=2007JApSt..34..529G  | hdl =  2003/25404
| pmc = 11134017}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
 | first1 = H.  | last1 = Spearing        | first2 = J.  | last2 = Tawn
 | first3 = D.  | last3 = Irons           | first4 = T.  | last4 = Paulden
 | first5 = G.  | last5 = Bennett 
 | year = 2021
 | title = Ranking, and other properties, of elite swimmers using extreme value theory
 | journal = Journal of the Royal Statistical Society
 | series = Series&nbsp;A (Statistics in Society)
 | volume = 184  | issue = 1  | pages = 368–395
 | doi=10.1111/rssa.12628  | doi-access = free
 | s2cid = 204823947
| arxiv = 1910.10070}}
</ref>
* Pipeline failures due to [[pitting corrosion]]
* Anomalous IT [[network traffic]], prevent [[security hacker|attackers]] from reaching important data
* [[Road safety]] analysis<ref>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Songchitruksa |first1=P.
 |last2=Tarko         |first2=A.P.
 |year =2006
 |title=The extreme value theory approach to safety estimation
 |journal=Accident Analysis and Prevention
 |volume=38  |issue=4  |pages=811–822
 |doi=10.1016/j.aap.2006.02.003  |pmid=16546103
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Orsini   |first1=F.       |last2=Gecchele |first2=G.
 |last3=Gastaldi |first3=M.       |last4=Rossi    |first4=R.
 |date=2019
 |title=Collision prediction in roundabouts: A comparative study of extreme value theory approaches
 |journal=Transportmetrica
 |series=Series&nbsp;A: Transport Science
 |volume=15  |issue=2  |pages=556–572
 |doi=10.1080/23249935.2018.1515271
 |s2cid=158343873
}}
</ref>
* [[Wireless communications]]<ref>
{{cite journal
 |first1=C.G. |last1=Tsinos           |first2=F.  |last2=Foukalas
 |first3=T.   |last3=Khattab          |first4=L.  |last4=Lai
 |date=February 2018
 |title=On channel selection for carrier aggregation systems
 |journal=[[IEEE Transactions on Communications]]
 |volume=66  |issue=2  |pages=808–818
 |doi=10.1109/TCOMM.2017.2757478 |s2cid=3405114 |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8052574
}}
</ref>
* [[Epidemic]]s<ref>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Wong    |first1=Felix
 |last2=Collins |first2=James J.
 |date=2020-11-02  |df=dmy-all
 |title=Evidence that coronavirus superspreading is fat-tailed
 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
 |volume=117  |issue=47  |pages=29416–29418
 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2018490117  |doi-access=free
 |issn=0027-8424  |pmid=33139561  |pmc=7703634
 |bibcode=2020PNAS..11729416W
}}
</ref>
* [[Neurobiology]]<ref>
{{Cite journal
 |last1=Basnayake  |first1=Kanishka       |last2=Mazaud  |first2=David
 |last3=Bemelmans  |first3=Alexis         |last4=Rouach  |first4=Nathalie
 |last5=Korkotian  |first5=Eduard         |last6=Holcman |first6=David
 |date=2019-06-04  |df=dmy-all
 |title=Fast calcium transients in dendritic spines driven by extreme statistics
 |journal=[[PLOS Biology]]
 |volume=17  |issue=6  |page=e2006202
 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.2006202 |doi-access=free 
 |pmid=31163024  |issn=1545-7885  |pmc=6548358
}}</ref>
* [[Solar energy]]<ref>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Younis     |first1=Abubaker
 |last2=Abdeljalil |first2=Anwar
 |last3=Omer       |first3=Ali
 |date=2023-01-01  |df=dmy-all
 |title=Determination of panel generation factor using peaks over threshold method and short-term data for an off-grid photovoltaic system in Sudan: A case of Khartoum city
 |journal=Solar Energy
 |volume=249  |pages=242–249
 |doi=10.1016/j.solener.2022.11.039
 |bibcode=2023SoEn..249..242Y
 |s2cid=254207549  |issn=0038-092X
 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038092X22008593
}}
</ref>
* Extreme [[Space weather]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fogg |first1=Alexandra Ruth |title=Extreme Value Analysis of Ground Magnetometer Observations at Valentia Observatory, Ireland |journal=Space Weather |date=2023 |volume=21 |issue=e2023SW003565 |doi=10.1029/2023SW003565 |bibcode=2023SpWea..2103565F |url=https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003565}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Elvidge |first1=Sean |title=Estimating the occurrence of geomagnetic activity using the Hilbert-Huang transform and extreme value theory. |journal=Space Weather |date=2020 |volume=17 |issue=e2020SW002513 |doi=10.1029/2020SW002513 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2020SpWea..1802513E }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bergin |first1=Aisling |title=Extreme event statistics in Dst, SYM-H, and SMR geomagnetic indices |journal=Space Weather |date=2023 |volume=21 |issue=e2022SW003304 |doi=10.1029/2022SW003304 |bibcode=2023SpWea..2103304B |url=https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003304|hdl=10037/30641 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
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