Editing Eyepatch (section)

==Medical uses==

===Amblyopia===
Eye patching is used in the [[orthoptics|orthoptic]] management of children at risk of lazy eye ([[amblyopia]]), especially [[strabismus|strabismic]] or [[anisometropia|anisometropic]] amblyopia.<ref name="GK07">{{cite journal |vauthors=Georgievski Z, Koklanis K, Leone J |year=2007 |title=Orthoptists' management of amblyopia – a case based survey |journal=Strabismus |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=197–203 |doi=10.1080/09273970701631975 |pmid=18058356 |s2cid=26471932}}</ref><ref name="GK08">{{cite journal |vauthors=Georgievski Z, Koklanis K, Leone J |year=2008 |title=Fixation behaviour in the treatment of amblyopia using atropine |journal=Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology |volume=36 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=A764–A765}}</ref> These conditions can cause [[Suppression (eye)|visual suppression]] of areas of the dissimilar images by the brain such as to avoid [[diplopia]], resulting in a loss of visual acuity in the suppressed eye and in extreme cases in blindness in an otherwise functional eye.<ref name="cordis-svs">[http://cordis.europa.eu/newsearch/index.cfm?page=docview&collection=EN_RSLT&reference=52162&position=1&Highlights=EYE,MONOCUL,RECOVER,ACUIT,SUF,STEREOP,BINOCUL,PERCEPT,AMBLYOP,PHENOMEN,STEREOSCOP,VISU,FMR,ADUL,CUE&prevPage=resultList&similarity_id=1330698 Final Activity and Management Report Summary - SVS (Strabismus and visual suppression)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511190249/https://cordis.europa.eu/|date=2020-05-11}}, CORDIS</ref> Patching the good eye forces the amblyopic eye to function, thereby causing vision in that eye to be retained.<ref name = GK07 /><ref name = GK08 /> It is important to perform "near activities" (such as reading or handiwork) when patched, thereby exercising active, attentive vision.<ref name="pmid23201436">{{cite journal |vauthors=Birch EE |title=Amblyopia and binocular vision |journal=Progress in Retinal and Eye Research |volume=33 |pages=67–84 |year=2013 |pmid=23201436 |pmc=3577063 |doi=10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.11.001 |type=Review}}</ref>

A study provided evidence that children treated for amblyopia with eye patching had lower self-perception of [[social acceptance]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Webber AL, Wood JM, Gole GA, Brown B |title=Effect of amblyopia on self-esteem in children |journal=Optometry and Vision Science |volume=85 |issue=11 |pages=1074–81 |date=November 2008  |pmid=18981922 |doi=10.1097/OPX.0b013e31818b9911 |s2cid=205907362 |url=http://www.optvissci.com/pt/re/ovs/toc.00006324-200811000-00000.htm;jsessionid=KJLJ42lFnrvCmmg8zxznshfrsKvxvL6G0GNdTzMqy4HSZDxQ7Qd5!762269091!181195628!8091!-1}}</ref> To prevent a child from being socially marginalized by their peers due to wearing an eye patch, [[Atropine#Optical penalization|atropine eye drops]] may be used instead. This induces temporary blurring in the treated eye.

It has been pointed out that the penalization of one eye by means of patching or atropine drops does not provide the necessary conditions to develop or improve [[binocular vision]]. Efforts have been made to propose alternative treatments of amblyopia that do allow for the improvement of binocular sight, for example, using [[binasal occlusion]] or partially frosted spectacles in place of any eye patch, using [[Alternating occlusion training|alternating occlusion goggles]] or using methods of [[perceptual learning]] based on [[Stereopsis recovery#Stereopsis following training procedures|video games or virtual reality games for enhancing binocular vision]].<ref name="cordis-svs" />

A 2014 Cochrane Review sought to determine the effectiveness of occlusion treatment on patients with sensory deprivation amblyopia, however no trials were found eligible to be included in the review.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Antonio-Santos|first1=Aileen|last2=Vedula|first2=S. Swaroop|last3=Hatt|first3=Sarah R.|last4=Powell|first4=Christine|date=23 March 2020|title=Occlusion for stimulus deprivation amblyopia|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=3|issue=3 |pages=CD005136|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD005136.pub4|issn=1469-493X|pmc=7089638|pmid=32203629}}</ref> However, it is suggested that good outcomes from occlusion treatment for sensory deprivation amblyopia rely on compliance with the treatment.

===Extraocular muscle palsy===
To initially relieve double vision ([[diplopia]]) caused by an extra-ocular muscle palsy, an [[eye care professional]] may recommend using an eyepatch. This can help to relieve the dizziness, vertigo and nausea that are associated with this form of double vision.<ref name=osullivan>O'Sullivan, S.B & Schmitz, T.J. (2007). Physical Rehabilitation. Philadelphia, PA: Davis. {{ISBN|978-0-8036-1247-1}}.</ref><ref name=kernich>{{cite journal | author = Kernich CA | year = 2006 | title = Diplopia | journal = The Neurologist | volume = 12 | issue = 4| pages = 229–230 | doi = 10.1097/01.nrl.0000231927.93645.34 | pmid = 16832242 }}</ref><ref name="ME">{{cite book | last1 = Edlow | first1 = Jonathan | last2 = Selim | first2 = Magdy | title = Neurology Emergencies | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] | year = 2010| isbn = 978-0-19-538858-9}}</ref>