Editing Face perception (section)

=== Bruce & Young model ===

[[File:Bruce & Young Model of Face Recognition-1986 .png|thumb|Bruce & Young Model of Face Recognition, 1986]]

One of the most widely accepted theories of face perception argues that understanding faces involves several stages:<ref name="Bruce">{{cite journal|last=Bruce|first=V.|author2=Young, A|year=1986|title=Understanding Face Recognition|journal=British Journal of Psychology|volume=77|issue=3|pages=305–327|doi=10.1111/j.2044-8295.1986.tb02199.x|pmid=3756376|doi-access=free}}</ref> from basic perceptual manipulations on the sensory information to derive details about the person (such as age, gender or attractiveness), to being able to recall meaningful details such as their name and any relevant past experiences of the individual.

This model, developed by [[Vicki Bruce]] and [[Andrew Young]] in 1986, argues that face perception involves independent sub-processes working in unison.

# A "view centered description" is derived from the perceptual input. Simple physical aspects of the face are used to work out age, gender or basic facial expressions. Most analysis at this stage is on feature-by-feature basis.
# This initial information is used to create a structural model of the face, which allows it to be compared to other faces in memory. This explains why the same person from a novel angle can still be recognized (see [[Thatcher effect]]).<ref name=":02">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Facial Recognition|encyclopedia=Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology|date=30 January 2010|doi=10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0342|isbn=978-0-470-47921-6|last2=Lindsay|first2=Roderick|last1=Mansour|first1=Jamal|pages=1–2 }}</ref>
# The structurally encoded representation is transferred to theoretical "face recognition units" that are used with "personal identity nodes" to identify a person through information from [[semantic memory]]. Interestingly, the ability to produce someone's name when presented with their face has been shown to be selectively damaged in some cases of brain injury, suggesting that naming may be a separate process from being able to produce other information about a person.