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Fairness doctrine
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== Application of the doctrine by the FCC == In 1974, the Federal Communications Commission stated that the [[United States Congress|Congress]] had delegated the power to mandate a system of "access, either free or paid, for person or groups wishing to express a viewpoint on a controversial public issue" but that it had not yet exercised that power because licensed broadcasters had "voluntarily" complied with the "spirit" of the doctrine. It warned that: {{cquote|Should future experience indicate that the doctrine [of 'voluntary compliance'] is inadequate, either in its expectations or in its results, the Commission will have the opportunity—and the responsibility—for such further reassessment and action as would be mandated.<ref>''In the Matter of the Handling of Public Issues Under the Fairness Doctrine and the Public Interest Standards of the Communications Act'', 48 F.C.C.2d 1 (F.C.C. 1974); 39 Fed. Reg. 26.372, 26.374 (1974)</ref>}} In one landmark case, the FCC argued that [[teletext]] was a new technology that created soaring demand for a limited resource, and thus could be exempt from the fairness doctrine. The Telecommunications Research and Action Center (TRAC) and [[Media Access Project]] (MAP) argued that teletext transmissions should be regulated like any other airwave technology, hence the fairness doctrine was applicable, and must be enforced by the FCC. In 1986, Judges [[Robert Bork]] and [[Antonin Scalia]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit]] concluded that the fairness doctrine did apply to teletext, but that the FCC was not required to apply it.<ref>[http://www.altlaw.org/v1/cases/419289 ''Telecommunications Research and Action Center v. FCC'', 801 F.2d 501 (D.C. Cir. 1986)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023171340/http://www.altlaw.org/v1/cases/419289 |date=October 23, 2008 }}. Retrieved August 17, 2008.</ref> In a 1987 case, ''[[Meredith Corporation|Meredith Corp.]] v. FCC'', two other judges on the same court declared that Congress did not mandate the doctrine and the FCC did not have to continue to enforce it.<ref>[http://www.altlaw.org/v1/cases/421421 ''Meredith Corp. v. FCC'', 809 F.2d 863 (D.C. Cir. 1987)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007150336/http://www.altlaw.org/v1/cases/421421 |date=October 7, 2008 }}, February 10, 1987, Retrieved August 17, 2008.</ref>
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