Editing Fire engine (section)

==Types==
===Conventional fire engine===
<gallery>
File:Fire Engine 33 (6225707251).jpg|An E-One engine used by the [[Boston Fire Department]]
File:Brandbil, Huddinge, 20220902.jpg|A [[Scania AB|Scania]] engine used by the [[Södertörn]] fire service
File:Ural Next-based fire engine in Tomsk 01.jpg|An [[Ural Automotive Plant|Ural]] engine used by the [[Russian State Fire Service]]
File:20230306 HOWO T5G 340 fire engine in Kaifeng.jpg|A [[Howo]] engine used by the [[China Fire and Rescue|Henan Fire Rescue Corps]]
</gallery>The standard fire engine transports firefighters to the scene, carries equipment needed by the firefighters for most firefighting scenarios, and may provide a limited supply of water with which to fight the fire. The tools carried on the fire engine will vary greatly based on many factors including the size of the department and the usual situations the firefighters handle. For example, departments located near large bodies of water or rivers are likely to have some sort of [[Swiftwater rescue|water rescue]] equipment. Standard tools found on nearly all fire engines include [[ladder]]s, [[hydraulic rescue tools]] (often referred to as the [[jaws of life]]), [[High-intensity discharge lamp|floodlights]], [[fire hose]], [[fire extinguisher]]s, self-contained breathing apparatus, and [[Thermal imaging camera (firefighting)|thermal imaging cameras]].<ref>{{cite web|title=What is a Fire Engine?|url=http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-fire-engine.htm|website=WiseGeek|access-date=17 March 2015}}</ref>

The exact layout of what is carried on an engine is decided by the needs of the department. For example, fire departments located in metropolitan areas will carry equipment to mitigate hazardous materials and effect technical rescues, while departments that operate in the wildland-urban interface will need the gear to deal with brush fires.

Some fire engines have a fixed [[deluge gun]], also known as a master stream, which directs a heavy stream of water to wherever the operator points it. An additional feature of engines are their preconnected [[fire hose|hose lines]], commonly referred to as ''preconnects''.<ref name=FEM-pre>{{cite journal|last1=Leihbacher|first1=Doug|title=Preconnects: The Basics|journal=[[Fire Engineering Magazine]]|date=1 April 2000|volume=153|issue=4|url=http://www.fireengineering.com/articles/print/volume-153/issue-4/features/features/preconnects-the-basics.html|access-date=19 March 2015}}</ref> The preconnects are attached to the engine's onboard water supply and allow firefighters to quickly mount an aggressive attack on the fire as soon as they arrive on scene.<ref name=FEM-pre/> When the onboard water supply runs out, the engine is connected to more permanent sources such as [[fire hydrant]]s or [[water tender]]s and can also use natural sources such as rivers or reservoirs by [[drafting water]].

=== Aerial apparatus ===
An aerial apparatus is a fire truck mounted with an extendable boom that enables firefighters to reach high locations. They can provide a high vantage point for spraying water and creating ventilation, an access route for firefighters and an escape route for firefighters and people they have rescued. In North America, aerial apparatuses are used for fire suppression, whereas in Europe, they are used more for rescue.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fireapparatusmagazine.com/articles/print/volume-21/issue-6/features/fire-apparatus-united-states-vs-europe.html|title=United States vs. Europe|publisher=Fire Apparatus|date=7 June 2016|access-date=17 July 2019|archive-date=17 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717103525/https://www.fireapparatusmagazine.com/articles/print/volume-21/issue-6/features/fire-apparatus-united-states-vs-europe.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="fe-2008">{{cite web|url=https://www.fireengineering.com/articles/2008/06/fire-commentary-european-firefighting-operations.html|title=Fire Commentary: European Firefighting Operations|publisher=Fire Engineering|date=12 June 2008|access-date=17 July 2019}}</ref>

====Turntable Ladder====
[[File:Iveco Eurocargo - Magirus turntable ladder - front view.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|An [[Iveco]] turntable ladder used by the [[Romanian General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations]]]]
A turntable ladder (TL) is an aerial apparatus with a large ladder mounted on a pivot which resembles a [[turntable]], giving it its name. The key functions of a turntable ladder are allowing access or egress of firefighters and fire victims at height, providing a high-level water point for firefighting (elevated master stream), and providing a platform from which tasks such as ventilation or overhaul can be executed.

To increase its length and reach, the ladder is often [[telescoping (mechanics)|telescoping]]. Modern telescopic ladders may be [[hydraulic]] or [[pneumatic]]. These mechanical features allow the use of ladders which are longer, sturdier, and more stable. They may also have pre-attached hoses or other equipment.

The pivot can be mounted at the rear of the chassis or in the middle, just behind the cab. The latter is sometimes called a "mid-ship" arrangement, and it allows a lower travel height for the truck.

While the traditional characteristic of a TL was a lack of water pumping or storage, many modern TLs have a water pumping function built in (and some have their own on-board supply reservoir). Some may have piping along the ladder to supply water to firefighters at the top of the ladder, and some of these may also have a [[fire monitor|monitor]] installed at the top. Other appliances may simply have a track-way to securely hold a manually-run hose reel.

{{Anchor|Quint}}In the United States, turntable ladders with additional functions such as an onboard pump, a water tank, [[fire hose]], aerial ladder and multiple [[ladder|ground ladders]], are known as quad or [[Quint (fire apparatus)|quint]] engines, indicating the number of functions they perform.<ref name=Glossary>{{cite web|title=Glossary|url=http://www.fireserviceinfo.com/glossary.html|publisher=Fire Service Info|access-date=5 January 2014}}</ref>

The highest TL in the world is the [[Magirus]] M68L, with a range of {{convert|68|m|ft|1|sp=us}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dosięgnąć nieba czyli M68L, najwyższa na świecie drabina hydrauliczna z windą ratowniczą!|trans-title=Reach the Sky or the M68L, the world's tallest hydraulic rescue ladder! "|url=https://remiza.com.pl/dosiegnac-nieba-czyli-m68l-najwyzsza-na-%C2%9Cswiecie-drabina-hydrauliczna-z-winda-ratownicza/|access-date=19 June 2017|publisher=remiza.com|language=pl|archive-date=16 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116131654/https://remiza.com.pl/dosiegnac-nieba-czyli-m68l-najwyzsza-na-%C2%9Cswiecie-drabina-hydrauliczna-z-winda-ratownicza/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Tiller truck====
{{anchor|Hook-and-ladder|tiller ladder|tiller truck}}<!-- When referencing this section from another page, reference the ANCHORS as those will not change -->
[[File:LAFD Truck 3 with tiller.jpg|thumb|An [[American LaFrance]] tiller truck used by the [[Los Angeles Fire Department]]]]
In the United States, a tiller truck, also known as a tractor-drawn aerial (TDA<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-07 |title=100′ Tractor Drawn Aerial - Spartan Emergency Response |url=https://spartaner.com/products/aerials/tractor-drawn-aerial/100-tractor-drawn-aerial/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>), tiller ladder, or [[Pike pole|hook]]-and-ladder truck, is a specialized turntable ladder mounted on a [[semi-trailer truck]]. Unlike a commercial semi, the trailer and tractor are permanently combined and special tools are required to separate them. It has two drivers, with separate [[steering wheel]]s for front and rear wheels.<ref name=recruit-TDAs>{{cite news|last1=Avsec|first1=Robert|title=Pros and cons of tractor-drawn aerials|url=https://www.firerecruit.com/articles/1436548-Pros-and-cons-of-tractor-drawn-aerials|access-date=16 March 2015|agency=Fire Recruit|date=23 April 2013|archive-date=27 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527184437/https://www.firerecruit.com/articles/1436548-Pros-and-cons-of-tractor-drawn-aerials|url-status=dead}}</ref>

One of the main features of the tiller-truck is its enhanced maneuverability.<ref name=SLO-tiller/> The independent steering of the front and back wheels allow the tiller to make much sharper turns, which is particularly helpful on narrow streets and in apartment complexes with maze-like roads.<ref name=recruit-TDAs/> An additional feature of the tiller-truck is that its overall length, over {{convert|50|ft|m}} for most models, allows for additional storage of tools and equipment.<ref name=SLO-tiller>{{cite web|last1=Hines|first1=Charlie|title=Fire Apparatus Utilized on Emergency Responses—Benefits of a Tiller|url=http://www.slocity.org/Home/ShowDocument?id=66|website=City of San Luis Obispo|publisher=Fire Chief|access-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> The extreme length gives compartment capacities that range between {{convert|500|and|650|cuft}} in the trailer with an additional {{convert|40|and|60|cuft}} in the cab.<ref name=SLO-tiller/>

Some departments elect to use tiller-[[Quint (fire apparatus)|quint]]s, which are tiller trucks that have the added feature of being fitted with an on-board water tank.<ref name=SLO-tiller/> These are particularly useful for smaller departments that do not have enough personnel to staff both an engine company and a truck company.<ref name=SLO-tiller/>
{{Clear}}

====Platform truck====
{{Anchor|Snorkel|platform truck|platform ladder|aerial platform}}<!--[[Snorkel (fire fighting)]] redirects here; various pages reference the other anchors-->
[[File:Roskilde S1.jpg|thumb|An articulating platform truck used by the [[Roskilde]] fire brigade]]
A platform truck carries an [[aerial work platform]], also known as a basket or bucket, on the end of a ladder or boom. These platforms can provide a secure place from which a firefighter can operate. Many platforms also allow for rescues to be performed and are outfitted with tie down clips and [[rappelling]] arms.<ref name="ferrara">{{cite web|title=Platform Features|url=http://www.ferrarafire.com/Apparatus/Aerials/Platforms.html|website=Ferrara Fire|access-date=17 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315144217/http://www.ferrarafire.com/Apparatus/Aerials/Platforms.html|archive-date=15 March 2015}}</ref>

Some booms are capable of [[articulated|articulating]], allowing the arm to bend in one or more places. This allows the platform truck to go "up and over" an obstacle, and is an advantage over the traditional platform ladder, which can only extend in a straight line.

=== Wildland fire engine ===
{{main|Wildland fire engine}}
[[File:Engine33ANF01.jpg|thumb|An [[Navistar|International]] wildland fire engine used by the [[United States Forest Service]]]]
A [[wildland fire engine]] is a specialized fire engine that can negotiate difficult terrain for [[wildfire suppression]]. A wildland fire engine is smaller than standard fire engines and has a higher [[ground clearance]]. They may also respond to emergencies in rough terrain where other vehicles cannot respond. Many wildland engines feature [[four-wheel drive]] capability to improve hill climbing and rough terrain capability.<ref>{{cite web|title=Engine Types|url=http://www.nwcg.gov/general/memos/nwcg-006-2008.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501050059/http://www.nwcg.gov/general/memos/nwcg-006-2008.pdf|archive-date=1 May 2015|access-date=5 January 2014|publisher=National Wildfire Coordinating Group}}</ref> Some wildland apparatus can pump water while driving (compared to some traditional engines which must be stationary to pump water), allowing "mobile attacks" on vegetation fires to minimize the rate of spread.<ref>{{cite web|title=Type 3 Engine|url=http://sbcfire.ndic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Type-3-Engine.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231230053/http://sbcfire.ndic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Type-3-Engine.pdf|archive-date=31 December 2013|access-date=30 December 2013|publisher=Santa Barbara County Fire}}</ref>

{{anchor|Type 1|Type 2|wildland-urban interface}}

Fire departments that serve areas along the [[wildland–urban interface]] have to be able to tackle traditional urban fires as well as wildland fires.<ref name="FEM-interface">{{cite journal|last1=Wright|first1=Edward|date=1 August 2012|title=Wildland Urban Interface Fires: Managing A Cascade Of Risk|url=http://www.fireengineering.com/articles/print/volume-165/issue-8/features/wildland-urban-interface-fires-managing-a-cascade-of-risk.html|journal=[[Fire Engineering Magazine]]|volume=165|issue=8|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Departments in these areas often use a wildland-urban interface engine, which combine features of a standard fire engine with that of a wildland fire engine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wildland Type I & Type II|url=http://www.ferrarafire.com/Apparatus/Wildland/TypeII/TypeII.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408001828/http://www.ferrarafire.com/Apparatus/Wildland/TypeII/TypeII.html|archive-date=8 April 2015|access-date=18 March 2015|website=Ferrara Fire}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=April 2015}}
{{Clear}}

===Water tender===
[[File:JMSDF Water tender(Isuzu Forward, 41-8056) right front view at Kanoya Air Base April 30, 2017.jpg|thumb|An [[Isuzu]] [[water tender]] used by the [[Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force]]]]
A [[water tender]] is a specialist fire appliance with the primary purpose of transporting large amounts of water to the fire area to make it available for extinguishing operations. These are especially useful in rural areas where fire hydrants are not readily available and natural water resources are insufficient or difficult to exploit.

Most tankers have an on-board pumping system. This pump is often not of sufficient power to fight fires (as it is designed to be attached to a fire engine), but is more often used to draw water into the tender from hydrants or other water sources. Many tankers are equipped with fast-drain valves on the sides and back of the truck. This allows firefighters to empty thousands of gallons of water into a [[portable water tank]] in just a few seconds.

Most water tenders are designed to carry loads of {{convert|5000-12000|L|impgal}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tankbil |url=http://salabrand.se/tankbil-4x2/ |publisher=Sala Brand |access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref>

===Airport crash tender===
{{Main|Airport crash tender}}
[[File:Whitehorse International Airport ARFF Striker.jpg|thumb|An [[Oshkosh Corporation|Oshkosh]] airport crash tender used by the [[Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport]] fire department]]
An [[airport crash tender]] is a specialized fire engine designed for use at [[aerodrome]]s in [[aircraft]] accidents.<ref name="new-arff">{{cite journal|last1=Petrillo|first1=Alan|date=29 August 2014|title=Protecting Airports with New ARFF Designs and Equipment|url=http://www.fireapparatusmagazine.com/articles/print/volume-19/issue-9/features/protecting-airports-with-new-arff-designs-and-equipment.html|url-status=dead|journal=Fire Apparatus & Emergency Equipment|volume=19|issue=9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228185946/http://www.fireapparatusmagazine.com/articles/print/volume-19/issue-9/features/protecting-airports-with-new-arff-designs-and-equipment.html|archive-date=December 28, 2014|access-date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Some of the features that make the airport crash tender unique are its ability to move on rough terrain outside the [[runway]] and airport area, large water capacity as well as a [[firefighting foam|foam]] tank, a high-capacity pump, and water/foam [[Fire monitor|monitors]]. Newer airport crash tenders also incorporate [[Twin agent fire extinguishing system|twin agent]] nozzles/injection systems that add dry chemical [[fire retardant]] (such as [[Purple-K]]) to create a stream of [[firefighting foam]] which is able to stop the fire faster.<ref name="fr-arff">{{cite journal|last1=Vaccaro|first1=Bob|date=31 July 2008|title=Latest ARFF Apparatus Technology|url=http://www.firefighternation.com/article/apparatus-innovations/latest-arff-apparatus-technology|url-status=dead|journal=FireRescue|issue=August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529020848/http://www.firefighternation.com/article/apparatus-innovations/latest-arff-apparatus-technology|archive-date=May 29, 2014|access-date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Some also have [[gaseous fire suppression]] tanks for electrical fires. These features give the airport crash tenders a capability to reach an airplane rapidly, and rapidly extinguish large fires with [[jet fuel]] involved.

===Other vehicles===
Other vehicles that are used by fire departments but may not be directly involved in firefighting may include
{{div col|colwidth=23em}}
* [[Fire car]]
* Fire investigation unit
* [[Fire police]] unit
* [[Hazardous materials apparatus]]
* [[Light and air unit]]
* Marine rescue unit
* [[Mobile communications vehicle]]
* Operational support unit
{{div col end}}<gallery>
File:Japanese Kei car Fire apparatus.jpg|A [[Mitsubishi Town Box]] [[kei car]] fire truck used by the [[Chichibu, Saitama]] fire department
File:Seattle Fire Department - Battalion 6 command vehicle.jpg|[[Chevrolet Suburban]] command vehicles used by the [[Seattle Fire Department]]
File:ACTFB HAZMAT-heo.jpg|A Scania hazardous materials vehicle used by [[ACT Fire and Rescue]]
File:GLOUCESTERSHIRE FIRE AND RESCUE SERVICE. - Flickr - secret coach park.jpg|A [[Dennis Dart]] command post used by the [[Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue Service]]
File:Hemer-Löschpanzer1-Bubo.JPG|A [[Marder (infantry fighting vehicle)|Marder]] [[infantry fighting vehicle]] converted for use as a firefighting vehicle by the [[German Fire Services]]
</gallery>