Editing First Fleet (section)

==Ships==

===Royal Naval escort===
On 25 October 1786 the 10-gun {{HMS|Sirius|1786|6}}, lying in the dock at Deptford, was commissioned, and the command given to Phillip. The armed tender HMAT {{HMS|Supply|1759|3}} was under command of Lieutenant [[Henry Lidgbird Ball]], who was also commissioned to join the expedition. [[David Blackburn (Royal Navy officer)|Lt. David Blackburn]] was the ship's [[Master (naval)|Master]].<ref name="ADB2">{{Australian Dictionary of Biography|last=Fletcher|first=B.H.|year=1967|volume=2|id2=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/phillip-arthur-2549|title= Phillip, Arthur (1738–1814)|access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="ADB Blackburn">{{Australian Dictionary of Biography|last= Hirst|first= Warwick|year=2005|volume=Supplementary Volume|id2=blackburn-david-12800|title= Blackburn, David (1753–1795)|accessdate= 26 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1790 HMS Sirius Anchor and Cannon |url=http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exhibition/objectsthroughtime/sirius-anchor-cannon/index.html |website=Objects Through Time |publisher=Migration Heritage Centre NSW |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="On this day">{{Cite web |last=Leila Berney |date=2014-10-10 |title=On this day: Arthur Phillip born |url=http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/blogs/on-this-day/2014/10/on-this-day-arthur-phillip-born |access-date=5 March 2015 |publisher=[[Australian Geographic]]}}</ref><ref name=Hunter>{{Citation |last= Hunter|first= John|year= 1792|title= An Historical Journal of the Transactions at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island |publisher= University of Sydney Library|publication-place= Sydney|url=https://adc.library.usyd.edu.au/data-2/hunhist.pdf |access-date= 3 October 2021}}</ref> On 15 December, Captain [[John Hunter (Royal Navy officer)|John Hunter]] was assigned as second captain to ''Sirius'' to command in the absence of Phillip, whose presence, it was to be supposed, would be requisite at all times wherever the seat of government in that country might be fixed.<ref name=Hunter/>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Naval escorts (departed England 13 May 1787)<ref name="auto">Mundle 2014, p. 83</ref>
! scope="col" | Ship
! scope="col" | Type
! scope="col" | Master
! scope="col" | Crew, officials, marines<ref name="King">{{cite web |last1=King |first1=Philip Gidley |title=official journal being a narrative of the preparation and equipment of the First Fleet and voyage to New South Wales |url=http://archival-classic.sl.nsw.gov.au/_transcript/2017/D00007/a1519.html |access-date=26 November 2019}}</ref>
! scope="col" | From
! scope="col" | Arrived<br/>Botany Bay
! scope="col" | Duration<br/>(days)
|-
! scope="row" | [[HMS Sirius (1786)|HMS ''Sirius'']]
| 10 gun
| [[John Hunter (Royal Navy officer)|John Hunter]]
| 200
| [[Portsmouth]]
| 20 January 1788
| 252
|-
! scope="row" | [[HMAT Supply (1759)|HMAT ''Supply'']]
| Armed tender
| [[Henry Lidgbird Ball]]
| 55 + 2 <small>(convicts transferred on route)</small>
| [[Spithead]]
| 18 January 1788
| 250
|}

====HMS ''Sirius''====
''Sirius'' was Phillip's [[flagship]] for the fleet. She had been converted from the merchantman ''Berwick'', built in 1780 for [[Baltic Sea|Baltic]] trade. She was a 520 ton, sixth-rate vessel, originally armed with ten guns, four six-pounders and six carronades, Phillip had ten more guns placed aboard.

====HMAT ''Supply''====
''Supply'' was designed in 1759 by shipwright Thomas Slade, as a yard craft for the ferrying of naval supplies. Measuring 170 tons, she had two masts, and was fitted with four small 3-pounder cannons and six {{small|{{frac|1|2}}}}-pounder swivel guns. Her armament was substantially increased in 1786 with the addition of four 12-pounder carronades.

===Convict transports===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Convict transports (departed England 13 May 1787)<ref name="King"/>
! scope="col" rowspan=2 |Ship 
! scope="col" rowspan=2 |Type
! scope="col" rowspan=2 |Master
! scope="col" rowspan=2 |Crew
! scope="col" rowspan=2 |Marines
! scope="col" rowspan=2 |Arrived<br/>Botany Bay
! scope="col" rowspan=2 |Duration<br/>(days)
! scope="col" colspan=2 |Convicts arrived (boarded)
|-
! scope="col" | Males
! scope="col" | Females
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Alexander (1783 ship)|Alexander]]''
| [[Barque]]
| Duncan Sinclair
| 30
| 41
| 19 January 1788
| 251
| 210<br/><small>Two were pardoned</small>
| 0
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Charlotte (1784 ship)|Charlotte]]''
| Transport
| [[Thomas Gilbert (captain)|Thomas Gilbert]]
| 30
| 32
| 20 January 1788
| 252
| 100
| 24
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Friendship (1784 ship)|Friendship]]''
| [[Brig]]
| Francis Walton
| 25
| 42
| 19 January 1788
| 251
| 80
| 24<br/><small>To Cape of Good Hope only, transferred to Lady Penrhyn</small>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Lady Penrhyn (1786 ship)|Lady Penrhyn]]''
| Transport
| William Cropton Server
| 30
| 18
| 20 January 1788
| 252
| 0
| 101
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Prince of Wales (1786 ship)|Prince of Wales]]''
| [[Barque]]
| [[John Mason (master)|John Mason]]
| 29
| 45
| 20 January 1788
| 252
| 2
| 47
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Scarborough (1782 ship)|Scarborough]]''
| Transport
| [[John Marshall (British captain)|John Marshall]]
| 30
| 50
| 19 January 1788
| 251
| 208
| 0
|}

===Food and supply transports===
Ropes, [[crockery]], agricultural equipment and a miscellany of other stores were needed. Items transported included tools, agricultural implements, seeds, spirits, medical supplies, bandages, surgical instruments, handcuffs, [[Legcuffs|leg iron]]s and a prefabricated wooden frame for the colony's first Government House.<ref>Correspondence, Daniel Southwell, Midshipman HMS ''Sirius'', 5 May 1788. Cited in Bladen (ed.) 1978, p. 683</ref> The party had to rely on its own provisions to survive until it could make use of local materials, assuming suitable supplies existed, and grow its own food and raise livestock.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Food and supply transports (depart England 13 May 1787)
! scope="col" | Ship
! scope="col" | Type
! scope="col" | Master
! scope="col" | Crew
! scope="col" | Arr. Botany Bay
! scope="col" | Duration (days)
|-
! scope="row" | {{ship||Golden Grove|1782 ship|2}}
| storeship
| William Sharp
| 22
| 20 January 1788
| align=right | 252
|-
! scope="row" | {{ship||Fishburn|1780 ship|2}}
| storeship
| Robert Brown
| 22
| 20 January 1788
| align=right | 252
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Borrowdale (1785 ship)|Borrowdale]]''
| storeship
| Hobson Reed
| 22
| 20 January 1788
| align=right | 252
|}

====''Golden Grove''====
The reverend [[Richard Johnson (chaplain)|Richard Johnson]], chaplain for the colony, travelled on the ''Golden Grove'' with his wife and servants.

===Legacy===
Scale models of all the ships are on display at the [[Museum of Sydney]]. The models were built by ship makers Lynne and Laurie Hadley, after researching the original plans, drawings and British archives. The replicas of ''Supply'', ''Charlotte'', ''Scarborough'', ''Friendship'', ''Prince of Wales'', ''Lady Penrhyn'', ''Borrowdale'', ''Alexander'', [[HMS Sirius (1786)|''Sirius'']], ''Fishburn'' and ''Golden Grove'' are made from Western Red or Syrian Cedar.<ref>{{cite web
 |title       = First Fleet returns to Sydney...in miniature
 |url         = http://www.maritimeworld.net/sn.asp?PageNumber=120
 |publisher   = Australia's Maritime World
 |access-date  = 22 November 2013
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140114071033/http://maritimeworld.net/sn.asp?PageNumber=120
 |archive-date = 14 January 2014
 |df          = dmy-all
}}</ref>

Nine [[First Fleet-class ferry|Sydney harbour ferries]] built in the mid-1980s are named after First Fleet vessels. The unused names are ''[[Lady Penrhyn (1786 ship)|Lady Penrhyn]]'' and ''Prince of Wales''.