Editing Flapper (section)

== Influences ==
{{quote box|bgcolor=#CCDDFF|align=right|width=25%|quote="In all countries, the First World War weakened old orthodoxies and authorities, and, when it was over, neither government nor church nor school nor family had the power to regulate the lives of human beings as it had once done. One result of this was a profound change in manners and morals that made a freer and less restrained society. Women benefited from this as much as anyone else. Time-worn prescriptions concerning what was or was not proper behavior for them no longer possessed much credibility, and taboos about unaccompanied appearances in public places, or the use of liquor or tobacco, or even pre-marital sexual relationships had lost their force. ... [W]omen were no longer as vulnerable to the tyranny of society as they had been [before]." |salign=right |source= Historian [[Gordon A. Craig]]<ref>[[Gordon A. Craig|Craig, Gordon A.]] (1991) ''The Germans'' New York: Merdian. p.161. {{ISBN|9780452010857}}</ref>}}

One cause of the change in young women's behavior was [[World War I]], which ended in November 1918. The death of large numbers of young men in the war, and the [[Spanish flu]] pandemic which struck in 1918 killing between 20–40&nbsp;million people,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Flappers: A Guide to an American Subculture|url=https://archive.org/details/flappersguidetoa00sage|url-access=limited|last=Sagert|first=Kelly Boyer|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-313-37690-0|location=Santa Barbara CA|pages=[https://archive.org/details/flappersguidetoa00sage/page/n26 1]}}</ref> inspired in young people a feeling that life is short and could end at any moment. Therefore, young women wanted to spend their youth enjoying their life and freedom rather than staying at home and waiting for a man to marry them.<ref>Cellania, M. (2013, March 25). The Rise of the Flapper - Sociological Images. Retrieved April 26, 2016, from https://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2013/03/25/guest-post-the-rise-of-the-flapper/</ref>

Political changes were another cause of the flapper culture. World War I reduced the grip of the class system on both sides of the Atlantic, encouraging different classes to mingle and share their sense of freedom.<ref name=mcg20to29>McGlinchey, S. (2014) [http://glamourdaze.com/history-of-womens-fashion/1920-to-1929 "History of Women's Fashion: 1920 to 1929"] ''Glamour Daze'' Retrieved April 12, 2016.</ref> Women finally won the right to vote in the United States on August 26, 1920.<ref>Langley, S. (2005) "Jazz" in ''Roaring '20s Fashions''. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing. p.16 {{ISBN|0764323199}}</ref> Women wanted to be men's social equals and were faced with the difficult realization of the larger goals of [[feminism]]: individuality, full political participation, economic independence, and 'sex rights'.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Posing a Threat: Flappers, Chorus Girls, and other Brazen Performers of the American 1920s|last=Latham|first=Angela J.|publisher=University Press of New England|year=2000|isbn=978-0-8195-6401-6|location=Hanover NH|pages=9}}</ref> They wanted to have freedoms like men and go smoking and drinking.<ref>Langley, S. (2005) "Jazz" in ''Roaring '20s Fashions''. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing. p.18 {{ISBN|0764323199}}</ref> In addition, many women had more opportunities in the workplace and had even taken traditionally male jobs such as doctors, lawyers, engineers and pilots.<ref name="langley17">Langley, S. (2005) "Jazz" in ''Roaring '20s Fashions''. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing. p.17 {{ISBN|0764323199}}</ref> The rise of [[consumerism]] also promoted the ideals of "fulfilment and freedom",<ref name="mcg20to29" /> which encouraged women to think independently about their garments, careers, social activities.<ref name="langley17" />

Society changed quickly after World War I. For example, customs, technology, and manufacturing all moved quickly into the 20th century after the interruption of the war.<ref>Boland, J. (April 15, 2012) [http://www.1920s-fashion-and-music.com/ "1920s Fashion & Music"]. Retrieved April 12, 2016.</ref> The rise of the automobile was an important factor in flapper culture, as cars meant a woman could come and go as she pleased, travel to [[speakeasy|speakeasies]] and other entertainment venues, and use the large vehicles of the day for heavy petting or even sex.<ref>Cellania, M. (March 25, 2013) 6, [https://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2013/03/25/guest-post-the-rise-of-the-flapper/ "The Rise of the Flapper - Sociological Images"]. Retrieved April 26, 2016.</ref> Also, the economic boom allowed more people the time and money to play golf and tennis and to take vacations,<ref>Bramlett, L. A. (2010) [http://fuzzylizzie.com/sportswear.html "Vintage Sportswear"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422121432/http://fuzzylizzie.com/sportswear.html |date=April 22, 2021 }} ''Fuzzylizzie Vintage'' Retrieved April 12, 2016.</ref> which required clothing adapted to these activities; the flapper's slender silhouette was very suitable for movement.<ref>Stevenson, N. J. (2012) ''Fashion: A visual history from regency & romance to retro & revolution: A complete illustrated chronology of fashion from the 1800s to the present day'' (1st ed.). New York: The Ivy Press Limited. p.92-93</ref>