Editing Flower power (section)

==Movement==
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| quote   = "The cry of 'Flower Power' echoes through the land. We shall not wilt. Let a thousand flowers bloom."
| source  =  — [[Abbie Hoffman]], ''Workshop in Nonviolence'', May 1967
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By late 1966, the Flower Power method of [[guerilla theater]] had spread from California to other parts of the United States. The [[Bread and Puppet Theater]] in New York City staged numerous protests which included handing out balloons and flowers with their anti-war literature.<ref name="Jezer">{{cite book | first=Marty | last=Jezer | title=Abbie Hoffman: American Rebel | year=1993 | publisher=Rutgers University Press | isbn=978-0813520179 | page=115}}</ref> ''Workshop in Nonviolence'' (WIN), a magazine published by New York activists, encouraged the use of Flower Power. 

In May 1967, [[Abbie Hoffman]] organized the Flower Brigade as an official contingent of a New York City parade honoring the soldiers in Vietnam. News coverage captured Flower Brigade participants, who carried flowers, flags and pink posters imprinted with LOVE, being attacked and beaten by bystanders.<ref name="Jezer"/> In response to the violence, Hoffman wrote in WIN magazine, "Plans are being made to mine the East River with daffodils. Dandelion chains are being wrapped around induction centers.... The cry of 'Flower Power' echoes through the land. We shall not wilt."<ref name="Jezer"/> On the following Sunday, WIN activists declared [[Armed Forces Day]] as "Flower Power Day" and held a rally in [[Central Park]] to counter the traditional parade. Turnout was low and, according to Hoffman, the rally was ineffective because guerilla theater needed to be more confrontational.<ref name="Jezer"/><ref>Richard M. Freid, ''The Russians Are Coming! The Russians Are Coming!: Pageantry and Patriotism in Cold-War America'', Oxford University Press, (1999), p. 141, {{ISBN|0-19-513417-6}}</ref>

In October 1967, Hoffman and [[Jerry Rubin]] helped organize the [[March on the Pentagon]] using Flower Power concepts to create a theatrical spectacle.<ref>James J. Farrell, ''The Spirit of the Sixties: The Making of Postwar Radicalism'', Routledge, 1997, p.223</ref> The plan included a call for marchers to attempt to "[[Levitation (physics)|levitate]]" [[the Pentagon]]. When the marchers faced off against more than 2500 Army national guard troops forming a human barricade in front of the Pentagon, some demonstrators held out flowers and a few placed their flowers in the soldiers' [[rifle barrel]]s.<ref>Carlito Rivera, "The 1967 March on the Pentagon and lessons for today", ''Socialism and Liberation Magazine'', March 2007, retrieved 26-09-2009</ref>

{{external media
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| image1 = [http://www.marcriboud.com/marcriboud/50ANS/pages/0003.html The classic photo of a young woman with a flower facing-off against soldiers with fixed bayonets], by [[Marc Riboud]]<ref>{{cite web | first=Marc | last=Riboud | url=http://www.marcriboud.com/marcriboud/accueil.html | title=Marc Riboud: Cinquante And De Photographie | work=www.marcriboud.com | access-date=2011-09-21 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911123811/http://www.marcriboud.com/marcriboud/accueil.html | archive-date=2011-09-11 }}</ref>
|image2=[https://web.archive.org/web/20121013211302/http://media.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/photo/2007/03/17/PH2007031701303.html Pulitzer Prize-nominated ''Flower Power''] photo by [[Bernie Boston]].<ref name="Bernie"/>
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Photographs of flower-wielding protesters at the Pentagon march became iconic images of 1960s anti-war protests. One photo called "[[The Ultimate Confrontation]]" (by French photojournalist [[Marc Riboud]]), showed 17-year-old high school student [[Jan Rose Kasmir]] clasping a chrysanthemum and gazing at [[bayonet]]-wielding soldiers. ''[[Smithsonian Magazine]]'' later described the photo, which was published throughout the world, as "a gauzy juxtaposition of armed force and flower child innocence".<ref>{{cite journal | first=Andrew | last=Curry | url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Flower_Child.html | title=Flower Child | journal=[[Smithsonian Magazine]] | date=April 2004 | access-date=2011-09-21 | archive-date=2013-03-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324053509/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Flower_Child.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Another photo from the march, titled ''[[Flower Power (photograph)|Flower Power]]'' (by ''Washington Star'' photographer [[Bernie Boston]]), was nominated for the 1967 [[Pulitzer Prize]].<ref name="Bernie">Bernie Boston, [https://web.archive.org/web/20121013211302/http://media.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/photo/2007/03/17/PH2007031701303.html "Flower Power"], ''The Washington Evening Star'', October 21, 1967</ref>  The photo shows a young man in a [[turtleneck sweater]] placing [[carnation]]s in the [[rifle barrel]]s of [[military police]]men. The young man in the photo is most commonly identified as George Edgerly Harris III, an 18-year-old actor from New York who later performed in San Francisco under the stage name of [[Hibiscus (entertainer)|Hibiscus]].<ref name=suspect>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/17/AR2007031701300.html | first=Davis | last=Montgomery | title=Flowers, Guns and an Iconic Snapshot | newspaper=The Washington Post | date=March 18, 2007 | page=D04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/17/magazine/karma-chameleon.html|title=Karma Chameleon|last=Silva|first=Hoaracio|date=August 17, 2003|work=New York Times Magazine|access-date=9 October 2017}}</ref> According to writer and activist [[Paul Krassner]], however, the young man was [[Youth International Party|Yippie]] organizer "Super-Joel" Tornabene.<ref>{{cite web | first=Paul | last=Krassner | author-link=Paul Krassner | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/paul-krassner/tom-waits-meets-superjoel_b_84035.html | title=Tom Waits Meets Super-Joel | date=January 30, 2008 | work=The Huffington Post | access-date=2011-01-24}}</ref> Harris died in New York in the early 1980s during the early stages of the [[HIV/AIDS]] epidemic,<ref name=suspect /> while Tornabene died in Mexico in 1993.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Krassner |first=Paul |date=November 30, 2009 |title=A Dose of My Own Medicine |url=http://antiquechildren.com/culture/paulkrassner.html |url-status=dead |journal=Antique Children |publisher=AQC Books |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010004825/http://antiquechildren.com/culture/paulkrassner.html |archive-date=October 10, 2017 |access-date=September 11, 2020}}</ref>

On 10 December 1971, [[John Lennon]], an outspoken critic of the war, appeared at a [[rally for John Sinclair]], a political activist and founding member of the [[White Panther Party]], who had been sentenced to 10 years for marijuana possession.<ref>The Beatles Bible, "[https://www.beatlesbible.com/people/john-lennon/songs/john-sinclair/ John Sinclair]". Retrieved July 30, 2019.</ref> He said, "OK so Flower Power didn't work. So what. We start again."<ref>Michael Epstein, director, producer and writer, (November 21, 2010) [https://www.pbs.org/video/american-masters-lennonyc/ American Masters: LENNONYC], documentary film, (13:23 min). Public Broadcasting System (available U.S. only). Retrieved July 30, 2019.</ref>

By the early 1970s, the Flower Power anti-war movement had faded primarily due to the end of the [[military draft]] in 1972 and the start of American withdrawal from combat activities in Vietnam in January 1973.<ref name="MACFARLANE">{{cite book |last=MacFarlane |first=Scott |editor-last=Monhollon |editor-first=Rusty L. |title=Baby Boom: People and Perspectives |url=https://archive.org/details/babyboompeoplepe00monh |url-access=limited |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |date=February 9, 2010 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/babyboompeoplepe00monh/page/n167 117]–133 |chapter=Chapter 8: The Counterculture |isbn=978-1598841053}}</ref>