Editing Ford Vulcan engine (section)

==Features==
The Vulcan's [[Engine block|block]] and [[cylinder head|cylinder heads]] are of [[cast iron]], with a 60° angle between cylinder banks. It has a single [[cam-in-block]] and two [[Overhead valve engine|overhead valves]] per cylinder operated by pushrods and rocker arms. Bore and stroke measurements are {{cvt|89|×|80|mm|in|3}}, for a total displacement of {{cvt|2986.14|cc|cuin|2}}. When it debuted in the 1986 Taurus, the Vulcan developed {{cvt|140|hp|kW|1}} at 4800&nbsp;rpm, 10 horsepower more than the design specification, and {{cvt|160|lbft|Nm|1}} of torque at 3000&nbsp;rpm.<ref name="taubbook"/>{{rp|120}}<ref name="cd-apr1986"/> Power output was as high as {{cvt|153|hp|kW|1}} at 4900&nbsp;rpm in the 2007 Taurus, and as low as {{cvt|130|hp|kW|1}} at 4800&nbsp;rpm in the 1992 Tempo.<ref name="autobytel-2007"/><ref name="ttcc-history"/>

Designed from the start to use [[electronic fuel injection]], no Vulcans left the factory fitted with a [[carburetor]]. The engine is managed by Ford's [[Ford EEC#EEC-IV|EEC-IV]] [[engine control unit]] (ECU).<ref name="taubbook"/>{{rp|118}}<ref name="cc-vulcan"/>

The Vulcan was also available in a "[[Flexible-fuel vehicle|flexible fuel]]" (flex fuel) configuration that could burn normal [[gasoline]], the [[E85]] blend of 15% gasoline and 85% [[ethanol]], or any mix of the two.<ref name="sae-1995"/>

Over the course of its production life the engine received many internal upgrades, including roller lifters (1992), a five counterweight crankshaft (1995), a reinforced block (1995, 2002), and longer head bolts (1999) among other changes.<ref name="eb-sep2004"/> In 1993 the flex fuel Vulcan received Ford's coil pack based [[Ford EDIS|Electronic Distributorless Ignition System]] (EDIS), which the gasoline fueled version received in 1996.<ref name="fto-engines"/>