Editing Formate (section)

==Biochemistry==
:[[Image:Testosterone estradiol conversion.png|400px|center]]
Formate is a common C-1 source in living systems.  It is formed from many precursors including [[choline]], [[serine]], and [[sarcosine]].  It provides a C-1 source in the biosynthesis of some [[nucleic acid]]s. Formate (or formic acid) is invoked as a leaving group in the [[demethylation]] of some [[sterol]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.molmet.2019.05.012|title=Formate Metabolism in Health and Disease |year=2020 |last1=Pietzke |first1=Matthias |last2=Meiser |first2=Johannes |last3=Vazquez |first3=Alexei |journal=Molecular Metabolism |volume=33 |pages=23–37 |pmid=31402327 |pmc=7056922 }}</ref> 
These conversions are catalyzed by [[aromatase]] [[enzyme]]s using O<sub>2</sub> as the oxidant. Specific conversions include [[testosterone]] to [[estradiol]] and [[androstenedione]] to [[estrone]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Lephart, E. D.|title=A Review of Brain Aromatase Cytochrome P450|journal=Brain Res. Rev.|year=1996|volume=22|issue=1|pages=1–26|doi=10.1016/0165-0173(96)00002-1|pmid=8871783|s2cid=11987113}}</ref>  

Formate is reversibly oxidized by the enzyme [[formate dehydrogenase]] from ''[[Desulfovibrio]] gigas'':<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0801290105| title = Reversible interconversion of carbon dioxide and formate by an electroactive enzyme| date = 2008| last1 = Reda| first1 = Torsten| last2 = Plugge| first2 = Caroline M.| last3 = Abram| first3 = Nerilie J.| last4 = Hirst| first4 = Judy| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences| volume = 105| issue = 31| pages = 10654–10658| doi-access = free| pmid = 18667702| pmc = 2491486}}</ref>
:{{Chem2|HCO2- ->  CO2 +  H+  +  2 e-}}