Editing Fort Tryon Park (section)

== History ==
=== Site ===
The northern portion of Manhattan was first known to be inhabited by the [[Wecquaesgeek]] tribe of [[Lenape]] Native Americans,<ref name="NPS p. 8">{{harvnb|National Park Service|1978|ps=.|p=8}}</ref><ref name="NYCL p. 1">{{harvnb|Shockley|Baugher|1983|ps=.|p=1}}</ref><ref name="New York City Department of Parks & Recreation 1939">{{cite web|url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/fort-tryon-park/history|title=Fort Tryon Park Highlights|publisher=New York City Department of Parks and Recreation|access-date=September 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830014546/https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/fort-tryon-park/history|archive-date=August 30, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Grumet p. 60">{{harvnb|ps=.|Grumet|1981|p=60}}</ref> who referred to the area around Fort Tryon Park as ''Chquaesgeck''.<ref name="encnyc" /> When [[Dutch people|Dutch]] settlers inhabited the lower [[Hudson Valley]] in the early 17th century, they attempted to force the Native Americans out, and some of the Wecquaesgeeks continued to occupy the area.<ref name="NYCL p. 1" /><ref name="Grumet p. 61">{{harvnb|ps=.|Grumet|1981|p=61}}</ref> The tribe had moved out by 1669, but continued to hold onto their land claims until 1715.<ref name="NYCL p. 1" /><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newyorkcityinin00bolt|title=New York City in Indian possession|last=Bolton|first=Reginald Pelham|date=1975|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newyorkcityinin00bolt/page/20 20]–21|access-date=September 22, 2019|via=Internet Archive|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830220125/https://archive.org/details/newyorkcityinin00bolt|archive-date=August 30, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Torrey p. 11">{{harvnb|Torrey|1936|ps=.|p=11}}</ref> The Dutch referred to the park site as ''Lange Bergh'' (Long Hill), a name first given by Dutch settler Joost van Oblienus in 1691.<ref name="encnyc" /><ref name="Torrey p. 10" /> At the time, Long Hill was a heavily wooded area that was part of the town of [[Harlem]]. As late as the 17th century, wild animals could be hunted on the northern portion of the hill, within the park's present site.<ref name="Torrey p. 11" /> In 1711, Harlem's political leaders decreed that a road be built through the area.<ref name="NYCL p. 2">{{harvnb|Shockley|Baugher|1983|ps=.|p=2}}</ref><ref name="Torrey p. 12">{{harvnb|Torrey|1936|ps=.|pp=12–13}}</ref> When Harlem was subdivided the following year, the hill was split into multiple smaller lots.<ref name="Torrey p. 12" />

[[File:FortTryonParkLindenTerrace.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.3|alt=Linden Terrace, a stone balcony located on the site of Fort Tryon|Linden Terrace, located on the site of Fort Tryon]]

During the [[American Revolutionary War]], the trees were cleared to make way for fortifications.<ref name="Torrey p. 10" /><ref name="NPS p. 8" /><ref name="Torrey p. 11" /> At the time, Long Hill had been known as ''Mount Washington'', while an outcropping in the center of the site was called ''Forest Hill''.<ref name="Torrey p. 11" /><ref name="NYCL p. 2" /> The latter was part of a series of fortifications that lined the steep cliff within the park site, which was known by the Americans as ''Fort Washington''.<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /> The actual site of Fort Washington is less than a mile south at [[Bennett Park (New York)|Bennett Park]].<ref name="NPS p. 8" /><ref name="NYC Parks Bennett" />  The park was an ancillary site of the [[Battle of Fort Washington]], fought on November 16, 1776, between 2,900 American soldiers and 8,000 invading [[Hessian (soldiers)|Hessian troops]] hired by [[Great Britain]].<ref name="Torrey p. 12" /><ref>{{cite web | title=History of WaHI: Battle of Fort Washington |publisher=Washington Heights & Inwood Online | date=June 4, 2012 | url=http://www.washington-heights.us/history/archives/battle_of_fort_washington_35.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604193021/http://www.washington-heights.us/history/archives/battle_of_fort_washington_35.html | archive-date=June 4, 2012 | url-status=dead | access-date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> Despite the American [[Continental Army]]'s strategic position at the top of Long Hill, they were defeated after holding out for two hours.<ref name="NPS p. 8" /> American soldier [[Margaret Corbin]] became the first woman to fight in the war and was injured during the battle; the southern entrance to the park bears her name.<ref name="NPS p. 8" /><ref name="NYCL p. 2" /><ref name="NYC Parks Bennett">{{cite web | title=Bennett Park Highlights | publisher=New York City Department of Parks and Recreation | url=http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/historical_signs/hs_historical_sign.php?id=6419 | access-date=September 25, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215092951/http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/historical_signs/hs_historical_sign.php?id=6419 | archive-date=February 15, 2009 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Torrey p. 15">{{harvnb|Torrey|1936|ps=.|p=15}}</ref> After the British victory, the outpost on Forest Hill was named after [[William Tryon]], the last [[List of Colonial Governors of New York|British Governor of the Province of New York]] (1771–1777). The British made improvements to Fort Tryon, using it as Upper Manhattan's primary defensive post, before peacefully withdrawing from Manhattan in 1783.<ref name="NPS p. 8" /><ref name="NYCL p. 2" /><ref name="Torrey p. 15" /> The Tryon name persisted even after the British withdrawal, even as many other colonial place names were being expunged of their British influence.<ref name="NPS p. 8" />

As New York City expanded and prospered following the end of the Revolutionary War, the land comprising the park remained undeveloped, except for a few country estates.<ref name="NPS p. 2" /> The first of these was created by Dr. Samuel Watkins, founder of [[Watkins Glen, New York|Watkins Glen]], who took ownership of multiple plots in 1818.<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /><ref name="Torrey p. 15" /> Ownership of the Watkins estate passed to Lucius Chittenden, a merchant originally from New Orleans, in 1844.<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /><ref name="Torrey p. 16">{{harvnb|Torrey|1936|ps=.|p=16}}</ref> The Chittenden family owned the land until 1871. Part of the estate was sold in 1855 to August C. Richards, who built a [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]-style stone castle called "Woodcliff", designed by [[Alexander Jackson Davis]].<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /> Woodcliff was subsequently used as a summer home by General [[Daniel Butterfield]], [[Boss Tweed]], [[Alexander Turney Stewart]], and [[William Libbey]], whereupon it became known as "Libby Castle".<ref name="Torrey p. 16" /><ref name="NYCL p. 3">{{harvnb|Shockley|Baugher|1983|ps=.|p=3}}</ref><ref name="NYDN-Gift-1917">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36266048/|title=Fifty-Acre Gift of John D. Rockefeller to People Scene of One of Country's First Fights for Liberty|date=June 24, 1917|work=New-York Tribune|access-date=September 23, 2019|page=10|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}|archive-date=May 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508192104/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36266048/fifty-acre-gift-of-john-d-rockefeller/|url-status=live}}</ref> Another portion of the Chittenden site was developed by William C. Muschenheim, later an operator of the [[Hotel Astor (New York City)|Hotel Astor]], who built an estate called "Fort Tryon Terrace".<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /> In contrast with the elaborate estates at the top of Fort Tryon, the plateau to the east was known as "Poverty Hollow" by 1851.<ref name="Rubinson Winter 1988"/>{{rp|23}}

Between 1901 and 1905, [[C. K. G. Billings]] combined Chittenden's, Muschenheim's, and Libbey's properties into a single estate. On the site, he built "Tryon Hall", a [[Châteauesque]]-style mansion with a swimming pool, horse stables, a formal garden, [[pergola]]s, and a winding {{Convert|2000|ft|m|-long|abbr=|adj=mid}} driveway leading from [[Riverside Drive (Manhattan)|Riverside Drive]].<ref name="Torrey p. 16" /><ref name="NYDN-Gift-1917" /><ref name="Gray 1996">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/22/realestate/monumental-remnant-from-a-1900-s-estate.html|title=Monumental Remnant From a 1900s Estate|last=Gray|first=Christopher|date=December 22, 1996|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=September 25, 2019|issn=0362-4331|author-link=Christopher Gray (architectural historian)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628073705/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/22/realestate/monumental-remnant-from-a-1900-s-estate.html|archive-date=June 28, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The mansion also contained boat docks on the Hudson River and a garage to house his collection of 13 automobiles.<ref name="Gray 1996" /> Billings lived at Tryon Hall until 1915.<ref name="Torrey p. 16" /><ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref name="NYDN-Gift-1917" /> Immediately to the north were Abbey Inn, a summer residence built on land that Willam Henry Hays had purchased in 1842, and another estate that Walter S. Sheafer, the state geologist of Pennsylvania, had bought in 1891.<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref name="NYDN-Gift-1917" /><ref name="NYH-BiggestDeal-1917">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36265630/|title=Biggest Manhattan Land Deal in Years|date=January 5, 1917|work=New York Herald|access-date=September 23, 2019|page=11|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}|archive-date=May 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508192104/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36265630/biggest-manhattan-land-deal-in-years/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Acquisition and planning ===
[[File:Palisades and barge on the Hudson crop.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|alt=Panoramic view looking west from London Terrace. A barge on the Hudson River and the Hudson Palisades beyond, with the Englewood Cliffs campus of Saint Peter's University on the top of the Palisades|The view from Linden Terrace to the west: a barge on the [[Hudson River]] and the [[Hudson Palisades]] beyond, with the [[Englewood Cliffs]] campus of [[Saint Peter's University]] on the top]]

The philanthropist [[John D. Rockefeller Jr.]] had held an interest in Fort Tryon since childhood, when he and [[John D. Rockefeller|his father]] had taken walks in Fort Tryon.<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /> In January 1917, Rockefeller anonymously purchased the {{Convert|33|acre||abbr=}} that collectively comprised the Hays and Sheafer tracts,<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref name="NYH-BiggestDeal-1917" /><ref name="NYT-BuysTract-1917">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1917/01/06/archives/rockefeller-buys-5000000-tract-for-city-park-gift-john-d-jr.html|title=Rockefeller Buys $5,000,000 Tract For City Park Gift|date=January 6, 1917|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923140633/https://www.nytimes.com/1917/01/06/archives/rockefeller-buys-5000000-tract-for-city-park-gift-john-d-jr.html|archive-date=September 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Shortly afterward, a ''New York Times'' article publicized the sale,<ref name="NYT-BuysTract-1917" /> and Rockefeller acquired the {{Convert|25|acre||abbr=|adj=on}} Billings estate for $35,000 an acre.<ref name="renner">Renner, James (2007) ''Washington Heights, Inwood, and Marble Hill''. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Arcadia Publishing. p.20 {{ISBN|0-7385-5478-2}}</ref>

In June 1917, Rockefeller announced that Fort Tryon Park would be given to the city on the conditions that it be joined to the existing [[Fort Washington Park (Manhattan)|Fort Washington]] and [[Riverside Park (Manhattan)|Riverside Parks]], and that the city maintain the park.<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref name="Torrey p. 17"/> Rockefeller also donated land on the opposite bank of the Hudson to the [[Palisades Interstate Park]] in 1933;<ref name="concrete172"/><ref name="NPS p. 9">{{harvnb|National Park Service|1978|ps=.|p=9}}</ref> that land would be taken over by the [[Palisades Interstate Park Commission]], which had operated the Palisades Interstate Park in New Jersey since 1900.<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1917/06/18/archives/urges-park-extension-commissioner-ward-says-city-should-meet.html|title=Urges Park Extension; Commissioner Ward Says City Should Meet Rockefeller Conditions.|date=June 18, 1917|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923140634/https://www.nytimes.com/1917/06/18/archives/urges-park-extension-commissioner-ward-says-city-should-meet.html|archive-date=September 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the Palisades Interstate Park Commission's website, there is an often-repeated claim that the land in New Jersey was bought to preserve views from Fort Tryon Park; however, the Palisades land was purchased years before Fort Tryon Park was opened to the public.<ref name="Palisades Interstate Park in New Jersey 1917 l920">{{cite web | title=An 'Oft-Repeated Anecdote' | website=Palisades Interstate Park in New Jersey | date=June 13, 1917 | url=https://njpalisades.org/oftRepeatedAnecdote.html | access-date=March 15, 2024}}</ref> In any case, Rockefeller planned to run a ferry service across the Hudson River between Fort Tryon and [[The Palisades (Hudson River)|the Palisades]] on the river's western bank.<ref name="Torrey p. 17">{{harvnb|Torrey|1936|ps=.|p=17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36266005/|title=Park Gift Link to Palisades|date=January 7, 1917|work=New York Sun|access-date=September 23, 2019|page=1|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}|archive-date=May 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508192104/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36266005/park-gift-link-to-palisades/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mayor [[John Purroy Mitchel]] was positioned to accept Rockefeller's offer. However, his successor [[John Francis Hylan]] ultimately did not accept the land, saying that the site had not been "improved". Moreover, the city had failed to propose a law that would have deeded the parkland to the Palisades Interstate Park Commission.<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref name="Torrey p. 17" /> In 1925, Hylan told one of Rockefeller's advisors that the city would consider another proposal to take the land and use it as a park.<ref name="Torrey p. 17" /> Following this, Rockefeller again offered the land to the city in 1926,<ref name="NYCL p. 4">{{harvnb|Shockley|Baugher|1983|ps=.|p=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1926/12/29/archives/rockefeller-again-offers-city-a-park-mayor-to-consult-board-of.html|title=Rockefeller Again Offers City A Park; Mayor to Consult Board of Estimate on Accepting Billings Estate|date=December 29, 1926|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923140637/https://www.nytimes.com/1926/12/29/archives/rockefeller-again-offers-city-a-park-mayor-to-consult-board-of.html|archive-date=September 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> though without success.<ref name="Torrey p. 17" />

In preparation for converting the land into a city park, Rockefeller hired the [[Olmsted Brothers]] firm, particularly [[Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.]], son of [[Frederick Law Olmsted|the designer]] of [[Central Park]]. Olmsted's design capitalized on the topography to reveal sweeping vistas of the Hudson River and the Palisades. Olmsted Jr. was guided by the four principles of park design that his father had established in creating Central Park: the beautiful, as seen in small open lawns; the picturesque, as shown in wooded slopes; the sublime, represented in the vistas of the Hudson River; and the gardenesque, exemplified by the park's Heather and Alpine Gardens.<ref name="concrete172">{{cite concrete|page=172}}</ref><ref name="NPS p. 9" /><ref name="NYCL p. 4" /> Olmsted Jr. had a preliminary report in 1927 and conducted a more exhaustive study in 1928–1930.<ref name="NYCL p. 4" /> In addition, James W. Dawson was hired to create a park-planting plan.<ref name="nycland">{{cite nycland|page=213}}</ref><ref name="aia">{{cite aia5|page=573}}</ref>

[[File:2018 Fort Tryon Park archway under Linden Terrace and path.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|alt=Stone archway and path under Linden Terrace, with small steps|Archway and path under Linden Terrace]]

Rockefeller also bought sculptor [[George Gray Barnard]]'s collection of [[medieval art]] in 1925.<ref name="NPS p. 9" /><ref name="Husband p. 18">{{harvnb|ps=.|Husband|2008|p=18}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=English and French Medieval Stained Glass in the Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art|last1=Hayward|first1=Jane|last2=Shepard|first2=Mary|last3=Clark|first3=Cynthia|date=October 2012|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-30019-318-3|page=38}}</ref> He added several artworks to the collection, which became a branch of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] (Met) in 1926.<ref name="NYCL p. 4" /> Rockefeller retained Barnard as an advisor for the collection, and they collectively decided to add a museum for the collection at Fort Tryon Park, which they chose for its elevation, views, and accessible but isolated location.<ref name="Siple">{{cite journal|last=Siple|first=Ella|date=August 1938|title=Medieval Art at the New Cloisters and Elsewhere|journal=The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs|volume=73|jstor=867467|number=425|pages=88–83}}</ref> The Billings mansion, which was originally supposed to house the collection, was destroyed in a March 1926 fire that burned down everything except the walls.<ref name="NYCL p. 4" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Billings Mansion on Hudson Razed by Fire, 2 Saved|date=March 27, 1926|work=Brooklyn Times-Union|pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36266642/ 1], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36266667/ 4]|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}}}</ref> In June 1930, Rockefeller offered {{Convert|56|acre||abbr=}} of the park to the city for a third time, though he reserved {{Convert|4|acre||abbr=}} for the future museum.<ref name="NPS p. 9" /><ref name="NYTimes-Offer-1930">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1930/06/07/archives/rockefeller-offers-city-56acre-13000000-park-to-include-art-museum.html|title=Rockefeller Offers City 56-acre $13,000,000 Park To Include Art Museum|date=June 7, 1930|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923185953/https://www.nytimes.com/1930/06/07/archives/rockefeller-offers-city-56acre-13000000-park-to-include-art-museum.html|archive-date=September 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BDE-Accepts-1930">{{cite news|url=https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/36266911/|title=City to Accept Park Site Gift of Rockefeller|date=June 7, 1930|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|access-date=August 28, 2019|page=22|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com {{open access}}|archive-date=May 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508192104/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/36266911/city-to-accept-park-site-gift-of/|url-status=live}}</ref> Rockefeller also offered to improve the grounds for $2 million,<ref name="BDE-Accepts-1930" /><ref name="NYT-Accepts-1930">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1931/03/19/archives/city-acts-to-accept-rockefellers-park-sinking-fund-commission-gives.html|title=City Acts To Accept Rockefeller's Park|date=March 19, 1931|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923140637/https://www.nytimes.com/1931/03/19/archives/city-acts-to-accept-rockefellers-park-sinking-fund-commission-gives.html|archive-date=September 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> though the city would be responsible for improving utilities in the park.<ref name="NYCL p. 4" /> In his letter offering the park to the city, Rockefeller proposed to name the park after Fort Tryon,<ref name="NYCL p. 4" /><ref name="NYTimes-Offer-1930" /> but in September 1930, historian [[Reginald Pelham Bolton]] said that Rockefeller actually preferred to have the park be named "Forest Hill Park".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1930/09/11/archives/rockefeller-dislikes-tryon-as-name-for-park-he-donated.html|title=Rockefeller Dislikes Tryon As Name for Park He Donated|date=September 11, 1930|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923140637/https://www.nytimes.com/1930/09/11/archives/rockefeller-dislikes-tryon-as-name-for-park-he-donated.html|archive-date=September 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In early 1931, the city moved to accept Rockefeller's offer.<ref name="NYT-Accepts-1930" />

=== Construction ===

Construction of the park began in August 1931,<ref name="NYCL p. 7">{{harvnb|Shockley|Baugher|1983|ps=.|p=7}}</ref> before the city had accepted the deed to the land on December 28, 1931.<ref name="encnyc" /><ref name="Torrey p. 17" /> The work provided many jobs during the [[Great Depression]].<ref name="encnyc" /> The work included numerous smaller projects such as destruction of the old Billings estate; grading of the terrain; constructing structures such as arches and balconies; planting trees, shrubs, and lawns; and cutting into the ridge of the west side of the park to create an extension of Riverside Drive. Some {{Convert|36000|yd3|m3|abbr=}} of Manhattan schist were used in the project, while an average of 350 workers were employed during each day of work.<ref name="NYCL p. 7" /> Construction progressed quickly and by February 1932, it was reported that Fort Tryon Park was 42% complete.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1932/02/14/archives/work-40-finished-on-fort-tryon-park-revolutionary-battle-site-is-be.html|title=Work 40% Finished On Fort Tryon Park|date=February 14, 1932|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923210933/https://www.nytimes.com/1932/02/14/archives/work-40-finished-on-fort-tryon-park-revolutionary-battle-site-is-be.html|archive-date=September 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Rockefeller bought an additional two plots from the Met totaling about {{Convert|1|acre||abbr=}} in June 1932.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1932/06/24/archives/rockefeller-buys-land-from-museum-takes-over-metropolitans-two.html|title=Rockefeller Buys Land from Museum|date=June 24, 1932|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923210933/https://www.nytimes.com/1932/06/24/archives/rockefeller-buys-land-from-museum-takes-over-metropolitans-two.html|archive-date=September 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The following year, he offered to landscape the additional plots at his own expense,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1933/01/13/archives/rockefeller-offers-land-gift-to-city-would-landscape-at-own-expense.html|title=Rockefeller Offers Land Gift to City; Would Landscape at Own Expense an Acre Addition to Fort Tryon Park.|date=January 13, 1933|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923210934/https://www.nytimes.com/1933/01/13/archives/rockefeller-offers-land-gift-to-city-would-landscape-at-own-expense.html|archive-date=September 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and the city accepted that land.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1933/02/04/archives/city-accepts-land-from-rockefeller-estimate-board-orders-terms.html|title=City Accepts Land From Rockefeller; Estimate Board Orders Terms Drawn in Gift for Fort Tryon Park Addition.|date=February 4, 1933|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923210935/https://www.nytimes.com/1933/02/04/archives/city-accepts-land-from-rockefeller-estimate-board-orders-terms.html|archive-date=September 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

The project included the construction of the [[New York City Subway]]'s [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]], served by the modern-day {{NYCS trains|Eighth far north}}, which contains two stations serving the park (see {{section link||Transportation}}).<ref name="encnyc" /> The line, which crosses directly under the park between the two stations,<ref name="NPS p. 2" /> opened in late 1932.<ref name="Chambers">{{cite news|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0D13F7395513738DDDA90994D1405B828FF1D3|title=Gay Midnight Crowd Rides First Trains in New Subway|date=September 10, 1932|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=June 29, 2018|page=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912162150/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0D13F7395513738DDDA90994D1405B828FF1D3|archive-date=September 12, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> By March 1934, it was reported that the park was nearly complete, but that an additional $500,000 was needed for improvements.<ref name="NYCL p. 7" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1934/03/30/archives/city-unable-to-open-fort-tryon-park-lack-of-500000-for-improvements.html|title=City Unable To Open Fort Tryon Park; Lack of $500,000 for Improvements Holds up $5,000,000 Gift of J.D. Rockefeller Jr.|date=March 30, 1934|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923210935/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/03/30/archives/city-unable-to-open-fort-tryon-park-lack-of-500000-for-improvements.html|archive-date=September 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36282182/|title=Fort Tryon Park Fund of $500,000 Sought by City|date=March 30, 1934 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |access-date=September 21, 2019|page=93|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}|archive-date=May 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508192106/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36282182/fort-tryon-park-fund-of-500000-sought/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Public Works Administration]] subsequently gave mayor [[Fiorello H. La Guardia]] and New York City parks commissioner [[Robert Moses]] $800,000 in funds to complete the park.<ref name="NYCL p. 7" /> The playground at the northeast corner of the park, at Broadway and Dyckman Street, was opened on September 6, 1934.<ref name="NYTimes-Playground-1934">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1934/09/06/archives/ft-tryon-play-area-is-opened-by-moses-400-children-take-possession.html|title=Ft. Tryon Play Area Is Opened By Moses; 400 Children Take Possession At Once – Another Group Gives Party for Heckscher.|date=September 6, 1934|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924032213/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/09/06/archives/ft-tryon-play-area-is-opened-by-moses-400-children-take-possession.html|archive-date=September 24, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The park was dedicated on October 12, 1935 by Rockefeller & Moses. In total, Rockefeller had spent $3.6 million toward the park's construction.<ref name="encnyc" /><ref name="NYCL p. 7" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/10/13/archives/tryon-park-a-gift-to-city-is-opened-rockefeller-formally-presents.html|title=Tryon Park, A Gift To City, Is Opened; Rockefeller Formally Presents Beauty Spot to Public, With Plea for Preservation.|date=October 13, 1935|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923210935/https://www.nytimes.com/1935/10/13/archives/tryon-park-a-gift-to-city-is-opened-rockefeller-formally-presents.html|archive-date=September 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Upon Fort Tryon Park's opening, Upper Manhattan had nearly {{Convert|600|acre||abbr=}} of parkland split among several non-contiguous sites, including Fort Tryon, Fort Washington, [[Inwood Hill Park|Inwood Hill]], and [[Highbridge Park|Highbridge]] Parks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1939/07/23/archives/uptown-a-vast-park-spreads-nearly-600-acres-of-open-space-at.html|title=Uptown a Vast Park Spreads; Nearly 600 Acres of Open Space at Manhattan's North End Turned Into an Area of Planned Beauty and Utility|date=July 23, 1939|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924142230/https://www.nytimes.com/1939/07/23/archives/uptown-a-vast-park-spreads-nearly-600-acres-of-open-space-at.html|archive-date=September 24, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 1935, construction started on [[the Cloisters]], the Met's medieval art museum within the park.<ref name="nycland" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/04/04/archives/costly-museum-cloister-to-be-built-by-rockefeller-2500000-gothic.html|title=Costly Museum Cloister To Be Built by Rockefeller; $2,500,000 Gothic Building for Metropolitan to Rise in Tryon Park – Donor Also Gives Six Tapestries Worth $1,100,000.|date=April 4, 1935|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924010831/https://www.nytimes.com/1935/04/04/archives/costly-museum-cloister-to-be-built-by-rockefeller-2500000-gothic.html|archive-date=September 24, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The museum, designed by [[Charles Collens]],<ref name="Barnet p. 12">{{harvnb|ps=.|Barnet|Wu|2005|p=12}}</ref> incorporated several medieval buildings that were purchased in Europe, brought to the United States, and reassembled, often stone by stone.<ref name="Husband p. 35">{{harvnb|ps=.|Husband|2008|p=35}}</ref> The first portions of the Cloisters were opened to the public in May 1938,<ref name="NYTimes-Opened-1938">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1938/05/11/archives/cloisters-opened-on-tryon-heights-rockefeller-disclaims-praise-as.html|title=Cloisters Opened on Tryon Heights|date=May 11, 1938|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723004645/https://www.nytimes.com/1938/05/11/archives/cloisters-opened-on-tryon-heights-rockefeller-disclaims-praise-as.html|archive-date=July 23, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and the museum was completed the following year.<ref name="Met Cloisters History">"[http://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-museum/history-of-the-museum/the-cloisters-museum-and-gardens The Cloisters Museum and Gardens] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415030814/http://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-museum/history-of-the-museum/the-cloisters-museum-and-gardens |date=April 15, 2012 }}". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved May 15, 2016</ref>

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[[File:FtTryonPk.JPG|thumb|center|800px|alt=A view of the park from the Hudson River. The Cloisters museum can be seen at the top of the hill on the right. The green elevated highway is the Henry Hudson Parkway|A view of the park from the [[Hudson River]]; [[The Cloisters]] can be seen at the top of the hill on the right. The green elevated highway is the [[Henry Hudson Parkway]]]]

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=== Mid-20th century and decline ===
In the years following Fort Tryon Park's opening, several improvements were made to the park. In 1936, the Met gave the city a small portion of the land intended for the Cloisters, thereby increasing Fort Tryon Park's area slightly.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/12/11/archives/adds-to-fort-tryon-park-metropolitan-museum-transfers-part-of-land.html|title=Adds to Fort Tryon Park; Metropolitan Museum Transfers Part of Land to City.|date=December 11, 1936|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924142230/https://www.nytimes.com/1936/12/11/archives/adds-to-fort-tryon-park-metropolitan-museum-transfers-part-of-land.html|archive-date=September 24, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1939, Rockefeller announced that he had given the city an additional {{convert|1.75|acre}} of vacant land adjacent to Fort Tryon Park, which the city would convert into another playground.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1939/01/26/archives/rockefeller-adds-to-try-on-park-gift-turns-over-145000-plot.html|title=Rockefeller Adds to Try on Park Gift; Turns Over $145,000 Plot, Bringing Total of Donations to City to $11,500,000|date=January 26, 1939|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924142231/https://www.nytimes.com/1939/01/26/archives/rockefeller-adds-to-try-on-park-gift-turns-over-145000-plot.html|archive-date=September 24, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The new playground was dedicated in 1941.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1941/09/23/archives/playground-near-fort-tryon-park-rounds-out-rockefeller-gift-to-city.html|title=Playground Near Fort Tryon Park Rounds Out Rockefeller Gift to City|date=September 23, 1941|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924142230/https://www.nytimes.com/1941/09/23/archives/playground-near-fort-tryon-park-rounds-out-rockefeller-gift-to-city.html|archive-date=September 24, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

During the years before World War I, the future park's name was shared by the neighborhood to its south. The area between Broadway and the Hudson River, as far south as West 179th Street, was known as Fort Tryon. By the 1940s the neighborhood was known as Frankfurt-on-the-Hudson,<ref>Lowenstein, Steven M. (1989) ''Frankfurt on the Hudson''. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.</ref> a name that by the 1990s had given way to [[Hudson Heights (Manhattan)|Hudson Heights]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/08/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-hudson-heights-high-above-hudson-crowd-ops.html|title=If You're Thinking of Living In / Hudson Heights; High Above Hudson, a Crowd of Co-ops|last=Garb|first=Maggie|date=November 8, 1998|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=October 9, 2009|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202061657/http://nytimes.com/1998/11/08/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-hudson-heights-high-above-hudson-crowd-ops.html|archive-date=December 2, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 1970s, a retired furniture salesman named Robert Hoffman led an initiative to rename Fort Tryon Park, following an interaction where Hoffman heard a group of tourists laugh upon hearing about the park's etymology. His efforts led Hope Irvine, a co-chairperson of Manhattan Community Board 12's Bicentennial Committee, to suggest Margaret Corbin's name for the park. The Cloisters objected to the entire park's renaming but reached a compromise to rename the park's southern entrance plaza and the main road.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/07/08/archives/revolutionary-war-heroine-finally-is-given-recognition.html|title=Revolutionary War Heroine. Finally Is Given Recognition|last=Asbury|first=Edith Evans|date=July 8, 1977|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 26, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926142106/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/07/08/archives/revolutionary-war-heroine-finally-is-given-recognition.html|archive-date=September 26, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NYDN-Corbin-1978">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36373576/|title=Honor Capt. Molly in Tryon Park rites|last=Lewis|first=John|date=November 26, 1978 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |access-date=September 21, 2019|page=672|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}|archive-date=May 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508192106/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36373576/honor-capt-molly-in-tryon-park-rites/|url-status=live}}</ref> This led to the [[New York City Council]] voting to rename these features after Margaret Corbin in 1977.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="NYCL p. 13">{{harvnb|Shockley|Baugher|1983|ps=.|p=13}}</ref>

As the City of New York suffered severe budget constraints in the 1970s, especially in the aftermath of the [[1975 New York City fiscal crisis]], funds for parks were decimated. Fort Tryon Park's gardens, woodlands, and playgrounds fell into disuse and disrepair.<ref name="timeline" /> The park's concession building was closed in 1976 following a major fire.<ref name="NYDN-Cafe-1978">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36373940/|title=Fort Tryon Park Cafe Will Reopen Eventually|last=King|first=Martin|date=March 31, 1978 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |access-date=September 21, 2019|page=366|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}|archive-date=May 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508192109/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36373940/fort-tryon-park-cafe-will-reopen/|url-status=live}}</ref> Decline continued until the 1980s when funds became available and restoration efforts began.<ref name="timeline">{{cite web | title=Historical Timeline Listing | publisher=Fort Tryon Park Trust | date=October 12, 1935 | url=https://www.forttryonparktrust.org/historical-timeline-of-fort-tryon-park/ | access-date=March 1, 2020 | archive-date=August 14, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814195947/https://www.forttryonparktrust.org/historical-timeline-of-fort-tryon-park/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Numerous crimes were recorded in the park in the 1980s. These included the discoveries of several corpses, including that of a missing 9-year-old girl in 1986,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/27/nyregion/body-of-girl-9-is-found.html|title=Body of Girl, 9, Is Found|date=March 27, 1986|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 26, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926150723/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/27/nyregion/body-of-girl-9-is-found.html|archive-date=September 26, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and that of a 19-year-old woman who was strangled in 1989.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/01/nyregion/body-of-young-woman-is-discovered-in-a-park.html|title=Body of Young Woman Is Discovered in a Park|date=May 1, 1989|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 26, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926150723/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/01/nyregion/body-of-young-woman-is-discovered-in-a-park.html|archive-date=September 26, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> However, there were perceptions that crime in Fort Tryon Park was overlooked due to its relatively remote position. In April 1989, the [[Central Park jogger case|beating and rape of a woman]] in [[Central Park]] received national media attention, but a similar attack on another woman in Fort Tryon Park the same month was sparsely covered even by local media.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/07/nyregion/when-crimes-become-symbols.html|title=When Crimes Become Symbols|last=Roberts|first=Sam|date=May 7, 1989|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 26, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926150724/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/07/nyregion/when-crimes-become-symbols.html|archive-date=September 26, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Late-20th and early-21st century improvements ===
[[File:Fort Tryon Park by Matthew Bisanz.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|alt=A park entrance, flanked by stone posts|One of the park's entrances]]
In 1983, the [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] made Fort Tryon Park an official [[New York City scenic landmarks|scenic landmark]]. The next year, a plan for the park's complete renovation was unveiled.<ref name="timeline" /> The Greenacre Foundation, an organization created by John Rockefeller Jr.'s only daughter [[Abby Rockefeller Mauzé]], donated $10 million toward the restoration in advance of the park's 50th anniversary in 1985.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/14/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-fort-tryon-park-turns-50.html|title=New York Day by Day; Fort Tryon Park Turns 50. . .|last1=Anderson|first1=Susan Heller|date=October 14, 1985|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 26, 2019|last2=Rimer|first2=Sara|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926142106/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/14/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-fort-tryon-park-turns-50.html|archive-date=September 26, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Among the first features to receive improvements was the Heather Garden, which was restored over three years by a partnership between the [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]] (NYC Parks), the Greenacre Foundation, and volunteers.<ref name="timeline" /><ref name="Martin 1998">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/01/nyregion/making-it-work-going-back-to-the-past-at-fort-tryon-overlook.html|title=Making it Work; Going Back to the Past At Fort Tryon Overlook|last=Martin|first=Douglas|date=November 1, 1998|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 13, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513155210/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/01/nyregion/making-it-work-going-back-to-the-past-at-fort-tryon-overlook.html|archive-date=May 13, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NYC Parks Heather Garden">{{cite web|url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/fort-tryon-park/highlights/12337|title=Fort Tryon Park Highlights|date=June 26, 1939|publisher=New York City Department of Parks and Recreation|access-date=September 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421174846/https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/fort-tryon-park/highlights/12337|archive-date=April 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The concession building was restored beginning in 1995 by the [[New York Restoration Project]] (NYRP), a [[nonprofit organization]] operated by [[Bette Midler]], which started operating a cafe there in 2001.<ref name="New Leaf Website">{{cite web | title=New Leaf & Fort Tryon Park |publisher= New Leaf Restaurant & Bar | date=January 8, 2015 | url=http://newleafrestaurant.com/about/new-leaf-fort-tryon-park/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108233236/http://newleafrestaurant.com/about/new-leaf-fort-tryon-park/ | archive-date=January 8, 2015 | url-status=dead | access-date=September 25, 2019}}</ref> The Anne Loftus Playground at the park's northeast corner was also restored between 1995 and 1997,<ref name="NYC Parks Loftus" /><ref name=nyt-1997-04-20>{{Cite news|last=Lii|first=Jane H.|date=April 20, 1997|title=Freshening Up Ft. Tryon Park|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/20/nyregion/freshening-up-ft-tryon-park.html|access-date=December 26, 2022|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=September 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925204815/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/20/nyregion/freshening-up-ft-tryon-park.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the Javits Playground at the southern border was restored around the same time.<ref name="NYC Parks Javits" /> The nonprofit [[Fort Tryon Park Trust]] was founded in 1998 to help maintain the park.<ref name="timeline" /> In 2001, the trust raised $200,000 toward the further restoration of the Heather Garden.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/02/nyregion/neighborhood-report-new-york-greenery-washington-heights-residents-wake-up-smell.html|title=Neighborhood Report: New York Greenery; In Washington Heights, Residents Wake Up, Smell the Roses and Save a Garden|last=Kugel|first=Seth|date=December 2, 2001|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 29, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929160414/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/02/nyregion/neighborhood-report-new-york-greenery-washington-heights-residents-wake-up-smell.html|archive-date=September 29, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The Sir William Dog Run opened the same year.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/25/nyregion/neighborhood-report-inwood-now-that-fences-are-gone-about-steak-for-dinner.html|title=Neighborhood Report: Inwood; Now That the Fences Are Gone, How About a Steak for Dinner?|last=Kugel|first=Seth|date=November 25, 2001|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 29, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929201125/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/25/nyregion/neighborhood-report-inwood-now-that-fences-are-gone-about-steak-for-dinner.html|archive-date=September 29, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

The park was still the site of crimes, despite being much safer than in previous years. After an incident where a jogger was raped in the early morning in 1997,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/20/nyregion/jogger-raped-in-quiet-park-near-cloisters.html|title=Jogger Raped In Quiet Park Near Cloisters|last=Sengupta|first=Somini|date=October 20, 1997|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 26, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926150721/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/20/nyregion/jogger-raped-in-quiet-park-near-cloisters.html|archive-date=September 26, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> NYC Parks considered proposals to close the park's roads at night. Met officials opposed the move because it would block access to the Cloisters, but NYC Parks eventually agreed to place wooden barriers to allow Met staff access at night. ''The New York Times'' stated that the park had gained the perception among local residents and park officials "as something of a nighttime haven for vandals, drug users and even car thieves", and had seen eight abandoned cars in 1997 alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/16/nyregion/neighborhood-report-washington-heights-how-cloistered-the-cloisters.html|title=Neighborhood Report: Washington Heights; How Cloistered the Cloisters?|date=November 16, 1997|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926150725/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/16/nyregion/neighborhood-report-washington-heights-how-cloistered-the-cloisters.html|archive-date=September 26, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Following additional crimes in the 2000s, cameras were installed in the park in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/parks-department-mounting-cameras-parks-thwart-after-hours-crime-not-pleased-article-1.145469|title=Parks Department mounting cameras in parks to thwart after-hours crime, but not all are pleased|last1=Feeney|first1=Michael J.|last2=Kappstatter|first2=Bob|date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |access-date=September 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926150721/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/parks-department-mounting-cameras-parks-thwart-after-hours-crime-not-pleased-article-1.145469|archive-date=September 26, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

NYC Parks and the Fort Tryon Park Trust started restoring the park's eastern side in 2006.<ref name="Zanoni 2011">{{cite web|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20111107/washington-heights-inwood/fort-tryons-alpine-garden-stairs-grotto-could-get-140000-makeover|title=Fort Tryon's Alpine Garden Stairs and Grotto Could Get $140,000 Makeover|last=Zanoni|first=Carla|date=November 7, 2011|website=DNAinfo New York|access-date=September 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925143601/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20111107/washington-heights-inwood/fort-tryons-alpine-garden-stairs-grotto-could-get-140000-makeover/|archive-date=September 25, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> The restoration of the overgrown Alpine Garden was completed in 2009 in advance of the park's 75th anniversary the following year.<ref name="DNAInfo-Alpine-2009">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20091124/manhattan/washington-heights-alpine-garden-gets-765k-makeover|title=Washington Heights' Alpine Garden Gets $765K Makeover|website=DNAinfo New York|date=November 24, 2009|access-date=September 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925143602/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20091124/manhattan/washington-heights-alpine-garden-gets-765k-makeover/|archive-date=September 25, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> On June 15, 2010, the park celebrated its 75th anniversary with a [[fundraiser]] and [[fireworks]] display.<ref>{{cite web | last=Zanoni | first=Carla | title=Fireworks Light Up the Northern Manhattan Sky for Fort Tryon Park's 75th Anniversary | website=DNAinfo New York | date=June 16, 2010 | url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20100616/washington-heights-inwood/fireworks-light-up-northern-manhattan-sky-for-fort-tryon-parks-75th-anniversary | access-date=September 29, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929201135/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20100616/washington-heights-inwood/fireworks-light-up-northern-manhattan-sky-for-fort-tryon-parks-75th-anniversary/ | archive-date=September 29, 2019 | url-status=dead }}</ref> After the concession building was closed in 2014 for roof renovations, the operation of the restaurant was taken over in 2015 by [[Queens]]-based cafe [[Coffeed]].<ref name="NYDN-Coffeed-2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/uptown/queens-based-cafe-replace-fort-tryon-park-restaurant-article-1.2069511|title=Queens-based cafe to replace Fort Tryon Park restaurant and bar|last=Ranson|first=Jan|date=January 7, 2015 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |location=New York |access-date=September 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911095902/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/uptown/queens-based-cafe-replace-fort-tryon-park-restaurant-article-1.2069511|archive-date=September 11, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> A renovation of the Jacob K. Javits Playground started in July 2018<ref>{{cite web |last=Krisel |first=Brendan |date=July 17, 2018 |title=Renovation Begins At Washington Heights Park |url=https://patch.com/new-york/washington-heights-inwood/renovation-begins-washington-heights-park |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925204816/https://patch.com/new-york/washington-heights-inwood/renovation-begins-washington-heights-park |archive-date=September 25, 2019 |access-date=September 25, 2019 |website=Washington Heights-Inwood, NY Patch}}</ref> and was completed in March 2020.<ref name="Quinn 2020">{{cite web |last=Quinn |first=Anna |date=March 9, 2020 |title=Long-Awaited $3M Upgrade Wraps Up At Fort Tryon Park Playground |url=https://patch.com/new-york/washington-heights-inwood/long-awaited-3m-upgrade-wraps-fort-tryon-park-playground |access-date=March 15, 2023 |website=Washington Heights-Inwood, NY Patch |archive-date=March 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315180519/https://patch.com/new-york/washington-heights-inwood/long-awaited-3m-upgrade-wraps-fort-tryon-park-playground |url-status=live }}</ref> The Anne Loftus Playground was temporarily closed in August 2021,<ref name="Smith 2021">{{cite web | last=Smith | first=Gillian | title=Anne Loftus Playground To Close For A Year For Upgrades | website=Washington Heights-Inwood, NY Patch | date=August 3, 2021 | url=https://patch.com/new-york/washington-heights-inwood/anne-loftus-playground-close-year-upgrades | access-date=December 26, 2022 | archive-date=December 26, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226133735/https://patch.com/new-york/washington-heights-inwood/anne-loftus-playground-close-year-upgrades | url-status=live }}</ref> and it reopened in October 2022 after a $4.2&nbsp;million renovation.<ref name="City Life Org 2022">{{cite web | title=NYC Parks Celebrates $4.18 Million Reconstruction of Anne Loftus Playground in Fort Tryon Park | website=City Life Org | date=October 13, 2022 | url=https://thecitylife.org/2022/10/13/nyc-parks-celebrates-4-18-million-reconstruction-of-anne-loftus-playground-in-fort-tryon-park/ | access-date=December 26, 2022 | archive-date=December 26, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226133736/https://thecitylife.org/2022/10/13/nyc-parks-celebrates-4-18-million-reconstruction-of-anne-loftus-playground-in-fort-tryon-park/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Manhattan Times News 2022">{{cite web | title="Breath of fresh air" "Un respiro de aire fresco" – Manhattan Times News | website=Manhattan Times News | date=October 19, 2022 | url=https://www.manhattantimesnews.com/breath-of-fresh-air-un-respiro-de-aire-fresco/ | access-date=December 26, 2022 | archive-date=December 26, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226133737/https://www.manhattantimesnews.com/breath-of-fresh-air-un-respiro-de-aire-fresco/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

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