Editing Fred Ebb (section)

== Kander and Ebb ==
{{main|Kander and Ebb}}
Music publisher [[Tommy Valando]] introduced Ebb to Kander in 1962. After a few songs such as "My Coloring Book", Kander and Ebb wrote a stage musical, ''Golden Gate'', that was never produced. However, the quality of the score convinced producer [[Harold Prince]] to hire them for their first professional production, the [[George Abbott]]-directed musical ''[[Flora the Red Menace]]'' (1965), based on [[Lester Atwell]]'s novel ''[[Love is Just Around the Corner (novel)|Love is Just Around the Corner]]''. Although it won star [[Liza Minnelli]] a [[Tony Award]], the show closed after only 87 performances.<ref>[http://www.playbill.com/production/flora-the-red-menace-alvin-theatre-vault-0000000893# ''Flora the Red Menace''] Playbill (vault), retrieved January 21, 2019</ref>

Their second collaboration, ''[[Cabaret (musical)|Cabaret]]'', was considerably more successful, running for 1,165-performances. Directed by Prince and based on the [[John Van Druten]] play ''[[I Am a Camera]]'' (which, in turn, was based on the writing of [[Christopher Isherwood]]), the musical starred [[Jill Haworth]] as [[Sally Bowles]], [[Bert Convy]] as Clifford Bradshaw, [[Lotte Lenya]] as Fräulein Schneider and [[Joel Grey]] as the emcee. The original Broadway production opened on November 20, 1966 and won eight of the 11 Tony Awards for which it was nominated, including [[Tony Award for Best Musical|Best Musical]] and Best Score.<ref>[http://www.playbill.com/production/cabaret-broadhurst-theatre-vault-0000002056# ''Cabaret''] Playbill (vault), retrieved January 21, 2019</ref> Adapted into a film by [[Bob Fosse]], it won eight Academy Awards, though not Best Picture. It was revived three times, first in 1987 with Grey reprising his role and again in 1998 in a long-running revival, originally starring [[Alan Cumming]] as the emcee and [[Natasha Richardson]] as Sally Bowles. The third revival began in 2014 and also starred [[Alan Cumming]] this time alongside [[Michelle Williams (actress)|Michelle Williams]].<ref>[https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-show/cabaret-2338 " 'Cabaret' Broadway"] ibdb.com, retrieved January 21, 2019</ref>

Their next few works were less successful: ''[[The Happy Time]]'' (1968), directed by [[Gower Champion]] and starring [[Robert Goulet]], ran for less than a year.<ref>[https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-happy-time-3115 ''The Happy Time''] ibdb.com, retrieved January 21, 2019</ref> ''[[Zorba (musical)|Zorba]]'' (1968), directed by Prince, also ran less than a year, though it was more successful in its 1983 revival;<ref>[https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/zorba-3434 ''Zorba''] ibdb.com, retrieved January 21, 2019</ref> and ''[[70, Girls, 70]]'' (1971), which was originally intended as an off-Broadway production, closed after 35 performances.<ref>[https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/70-girls-70-3598 ''70, Girls, 70''] ibdb.com, retrieved January 21, 2019</ref>

In 1972, he wrote the television special, ''[[Liza with a Z]]'' for Liza Minnelli.<ref>Stanley, Alessandra. [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/31/arts/television/31liza.html&usg "In 'Liza With a Z,' a Broadway Baby Knocks 'Em Dead"] ''The New York Times'', March 31, 2006</ref><ref>Patterson, Troy. [https://slate.com/culture/2006/03/liza-with-a-z-reviewed.html "Divas Gone Wild"] ''Slate'' March 31, 2006</ref> In 1974, Kander, Ebb and Fosse contributed to a concert for Liza Minnelli on Broadway. In 1973 Ebb wrote the television special that marked [[Frank Sinatra]]'s comeback from retirement, ''[[Magnavox Presents Frank Sinatra]]'' (also known as ''Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back''). The show featured Sinatra and guest star [[Gene Kelly]] in duet on the song "Can't Do That Anymore", written by Ebb for his abandoned musical with Kander and [[Dale Wasserman]], ''Wait for Me, World!''.<ref name="Terrace2013">{{cite book|author=Vincent Terrace|title=Television Specials: 5,336 Entertainment Programs, 1936-2012, 2d ed.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Of0QAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA157|date=19 June 2013|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-1240-9|pages=157–}}</ref> In 1975, the team wrote the score to ''[[Funny Lady]]'', the sequel to ''[[Funny Girl (film)|Funny Girl]]''.

''[[Chicago (musical)|Chicago]]'' (1975) had mixed reviews but ran for more than two years on Broadway. Starring [[Chita Rivera]], [[Jerry Orbach]] and [[Gwen Verdon]] in her last Broadway role, it suffered from a cynical attitude, which contrasted with the record-breaking popularity of ''[[A Chorus Line]]''. Though rumors of a film production directed again by Fosse were heard, the show was revived in 1996 as part of the ''[[Encores!]]'' staged concert series. A hit, the minimalist production transferred to Broadway, starring [[Ann Reinking]] (Roxie) and [[Bebe Neuwirth]] (Velma).<ref>[https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-show/chicago-9942 " 'Chicago' Broadway"] ibdb.com, retrieved January 22, 2019</ref> The revival holds the record as the longest-running musical revival and the longest-running American musical in Broadway history. It is the second longest-running show in Broadway history, behind only ''[[The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)|The Phantom of the Opera]]'', having played its 7,486th performance on November 23, 2014, surpassing ''[[Cats (musical)|Cats]]''.<ref>Gans, Andrew. [http://www.playbill.com/article/all-that-jazz-chicago-becomes-second-longest-running-broadway-show-tonight-com-335960# " "All That Jazz": 'Chicago' Becomes Second Longest-Running Broadway Show Tonight"] Playbill, November 23, 2014</ref><ref>Staff. [http://www.playbill.com/celebritybuzz/article/long-runs-on-broadway-109864# "Longest-Running Shows on Broadway"] Playbill, January 4, 2019</ref>

Ebb wrote the book for [[Shirley MacLaine]]’s Broadway solo revue in 1976.<ref>[http://www.playbill.com/production/shirley-maclaine-palace-theatre-vault-0000009162# "Shirley MacLaine"] Playbill (vault), retrieved January 21, 2019</ref> The following year, Kander and Ebb worked with Minnelli and Martin Scorsese twice: first, in the film ''[[New York, New York (1977 film)|New York, New York]]'', which had them write what is their best-known song, the title track; and, again in ''[[The Act (musical)|The Act]]'' (1977) a musical about a fictional nightclub act. It ran for under ten months.<ref>[http://www.playbill.com/production/the-act-majestic-theatre-vault-0000007828# ''The Act''] Playbill (vault), retrieved January 21, 2019</ref> After contributing a song to [[Phyllis Newman]]’s one-woman musical, ''[[The Madwoman of Central Park West]]'' (1979),<ref>[http://www.playbill.com/production/the-madwoman-of-central-park-west-22-steps-vault-0000013424# ''The Madwoman of Central Park West''] Playbill (vault), retrieved January 21, 2019</ref> the team wrote ''[[Woman of the Year (musical)|Woman of the Year]]'' (1981), which starred [[Lauren Bacall]] and won the team their second Tony Award for Best Score.<ref>[http://www.playbill.com/production/woman-of-the-year-palace-theatre-vault-0000009149# ''Woman of the Year''] Playbill (vault), retrieved January 21, 2019</ref>

''[[The Rink (musical)|The Rink]]'' (1984) teamed Kander and Ebb again with Minnelli and Rivera. The cast also included [[Jason Alexander]] and [[Rob Marshall]].<ref>[http://www.playbill.com/production/the-rink-martin-beck-theatre-vault-0000008222# ''The Rink''] Playbill (vault), retrieved January 21, 2019</ref> Following the closure of the show after six months, Kander and Ebb would not produce new material, save for a song in ''[[Hay Fever (play)|Hay Fever]]'' in 1985, for nine years.<ref>[http://www.playbill.com/person/fred-ebb-vault-0000001325# "Fred Ebb"] Playbill (vault), retrieved January 21, 2019</ref>

In 1991, the revue ''[[And The World Goes 'Round]]'' opened Off-Broadway, featuring [[Karen Ziemba]], [[Susan Stroman]] and [[Scott Ellis]].<ref>[http://www.lortel.org/Archives/Production/878 ''And The World Goes 'Round''] lortel.org, retrieved January 21, 2019</ref> The team's musical adaptation of ''[[Kiss of the Spider Woman (musical)|Kiss of the Spider Woman]]'' opened in 1993, starring [[Chita Rivera]]. Reunited with director [[Harold Prince]], the show ran for more than two years and won them their third and last Tony Award for best score.<ref>[http://www.playbill.com/production/kiss-of-the-spider-woman-broadhurst-theatre-vault-0000002005# ''Kiss of the Spider Woman''] Playbill (vault), retrieved January 21, 2019</ref>

The team's last original work to reach Broadway during Ebb's life opened in 1997. ''[[Steel Pier (musical)|Steel Pier]]'' brought together Ziemba, Ellis and Stroman and though the show was nominated for 11 Tonys, it won none and closed after two months. It also featured [[Kristin Chenoweth]]. In 1997, Ebb reworked lyrics to [[Richard Rodgers]]' melody for the television production of ''[[Cinderella (1997 film)|Cinderella]]''. Two decades earlier, Ebb refused the opportunity to write the musical ''[[Rex (musical)|Rex]]'' with Rodgers.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}

The team had two works produced outside New York. ''Over & Over'', an adaptation of the [[Thornton Wilder]] play ''[[The Skin of Our Teeth]]'', was performed at the Signature Theatre in [[Arlington, Virginia]] in 1999<ref>Davidson, Susan.[http://www.curtainup.com/overando.html "Some Thoughts on Over and Over"], curtainup.com, February 10, 1999</ref> and was revamped for a 2007 staging by the [[Westport Country Playhouse]] under the title ''[[All of Us (musical)|All About Us]]''.<ref>Pincus-Roth, Zachary. [http://www.playbill.com/article/new-kander-ebb-musical-is-all-about-us-com-139722# "New Kander & Ebb Musical Is 'All About Us'"] Playbill, March 30, 2007</ref>

''[[The Visit (musical)|The Visit]]'', starring Chita Rivera and [[John McMartin]], was presented by the [[Goodman Theatre]] in Chicago, as well as the Signature Theatre in Arlington (with [[George Hearn]] replacing McMartin).<ref>Jones, Kenneth. [http://www.playbill.com/article/the-visit-with-rivera-hearn-and-jacoby-opens-may-27-com-150396# " 'The Visit', With Rivera, Hearn and Jacoby, Opens May 27"] Playbill, May 27, 2008</ref>

The story of the long collaboration between Fred Ebb and John Kander is told in James Leve's ''Kander and Ebb'' (2009). Through in-depth primary research and interviews with writers, producers, and various musical theater collaborators, Leve introduces the writing process of Kander and Ebb and explores the many revisions and stagings of their shows as each work moved from tryouts to Broadway.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Kander and Ebb|last=Leve|first=James|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0300114874}}</ref>