Editing Gary, Indiana (section)

===Founding and early years===
[[File:GaryIndiana-FifthAve-Broadway-1909-SS (S Shook CollectionO.jpg|thumb|{{center|5th Ave. and Broadway in 1908}}]]
{{Further|Gary Plan}}
Gary, Indiana, was founded in 1906 by the [[U.S. Steel]] corporation as the home for its new plant, [[Gary Works]]. The city was named after lawyer [[Elbert Henry Gary]], who was the founding chairman of the United States Steel Corporation.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Gary |url=https://gary.gov/about/ |website=City of Gary, Indiana |access-date=June 17, 2022}}</ref>

Gary was the site of civil unrest in the [[1919 General Steel Strike]]. On October 4, 1919, a riot broke out on [[Indiana State Road 53|Broadway]], the main north–south street through downtown Gary, between steel workers and strike breakers brought in from outside. Indiana governor [[James P. Goodrich]] declared martial law three days later. Shortly after that, over 4,000 federal troops under the command of Major General [[Leonard Wood]] arrived to restore order.<ref>{{cite book|last=O'Hara|first=S. Paul|title=Gary, the most American of all American cities|date=2011|publisher=Indiana Univ. Press|location=Bloomington, Ind. [u.a.]|isbn=9780253222886}}</ref>

The steel industry's jobs provided Gary with rapid growth and a diverse population within the first 26 years of its founding. According to the [[1920 United States census]], 29.7% of Gary's population at the time was classified as foreign-born, mostly from eastern European countries, with another 30.8% classified as native-born with at least one foreign-born parent. By the [[1930 United States Census]], the first census in which Gary's population exceeded 100,000, the city was the fifth largest in Indiana and comparable in size to [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]], [[Fort Wayne, Indiana|Fort Wayne]], and [[Evansville, Indiana|Evansville]]. At that time, 78.7% of the population was classified as white, with 19.3% as foreign-born and another 25.9% as native-born with at least one foreign-born parent. In addition to white internal migrants, Gary had attracted numerous African-American migrants from the South in the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]], and 17.8% of the population was classified as black. 3.5% were classified as Mexican (now likely to be identified as Hispanic, as some were likely American citizens in addition to immigrants).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Steel city : urban and ethnic patterns in Gary, Indiana, 1906–1950|last=Mohl, Raymond A.|date=1986|publisher=Holmes & Meier|oclc=562497857}}</ref>