Editing Gentrification (section)

==Definitions==

In the US, the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] report ''Health Effects of Gentrification'' defines the [[real estate]] concept of ''gentrification'' as "the transformation of neighborhoods from low value to high value."<ref name="CDC">{{cite web |date=24 March 2015 |title=Health Effects of Gentrification |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/healthtopics/gentrification.htm |access-date=24 March 2015 |website=[[Centers for Disease Control]] |publisher=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref> A real estate encyclopedia defines gentrification as "the process by which central urban neighborhoods that have undergone disinvestments and economic decline experience a reversal, reinvestment, and the in-migration of a well-off middle- and upper-middle-class population."<ref>Smith N. Gentrification. In: Vliet WV (ed) The encyclopedia of housing. London: Sage;1998;198–199</ref><ref name="Schnake-Mahl2020"/>

Scholars and pundits have applied a variety of definitions to gentrification since 1964, some oriented around gentrifiers, others oriented around the displaced, and some a combination of both. The first category include the {{harvtxt|Hackworth|2002}} definition "the production of space for progressively more affluent users".{{page needed|date=May 2019}} The second category include Kasman's definition "the reduction of residential and retail space affordable to low-income residents".{{sfn|Kasman|2015|p=132}} The final category includes Rose, who describes gentrification as a process "in which members of the 'new middle class' move into and physically and culturally reshape working-class inner city neighbourhoods".<ref>{{harvnb|Rose|1996}}{{page needed|date=April 2019}}</ref>

{{harvtxt|Kennedy|Leonard|2001}} say in their [[Brookings Institution]] report that "the term 'gentrification' is both imprecise and quite politically charged", suggesting its redefinition as "the process by which higher income households displace lower income residents of a neighborhood, changing the essential character and flavour of that neighborhood", so distinguishing it from the different socio-economic process of "neighborhood (or urban) revitalization", although the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. {{harvtxt|Kitis|2024}} argues that Glass's original use of the word employs a war metaphor to emphasize the 'displacement of lower-income residents' as central—a class-struggle meaning that risks being sidelined in its continued use to denote processes of 'urban change' or 'improvement.'

Gentrification has been described as a natural cycle: the well-to-do prefer to live in the newest housing stock. Each decade of a city's growth, a new ring of housing is built. When the housing at the center has reached the end of its useful life and becomes cheap, the well-to-do gentrify the neighborhood. The push outward from the city center continues as the housing in each ring reaches the end of its economic life.<ref name="frbp170925">{{cite journal |last1=Lin |first1=Jeffrey |title=Understanding Gentrification's Causes |date=2017 |journal=Economic Insights |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=9–17 |url=https://www.philadelphiafed.org/-/media/research-and-data/publications/economic-insights/2017/q3/eiq3_understanding-gentrifications-causes.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.philadelphiafed.org/-/media/research-and-data/publications/economic-insights/2017/q3/eiq3_understanding-gentrifications-causes.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia}}</ref> They observe that ''gentrification'' has three interpretations: (a) "great, the value of my house is going up, (b) coffee is more expensive, now that we have a [[Starbucks]], and (c) my neighbors and I can no longer afford to live here (''community displacement'')".<ref name="gm1502">{{cite news |last1=Ehrenhalt |first1=Alan |title=What, Exactly, Is Gentrification? |url=http://www.governing.com/topics/urban/gov-gentrification-definition-series.html |access-date=25 September 2017 |website=Governing.com |publisher=Governing Magazine |date=February 2015}}</ref>