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===Four traditions of geography=== {{Main|Four traditions of geography}} The four traditions of geography were proposed in 1964 by William D. Pattison in a paper titled "The Four Traditions of Geography" appearing in the [[Journal of Geography]].<ref name="Traditions1" /><ref name="Traditions2">{{cite journal |last1=Murphy |first1=Alexander |title=Geography's Crosscutting Themes: Golden Anniversary Reflections on "The Four Traditions of Geography" |journal=Journal of Geography |date=27 June 2014 |volume=113 |issue=5 |pages=181–188 |doi=10.1080/00221341.2014.918639 |bibcode=2014JGeog.113..181M |s2cid=143168559}}</ref> These traditions are: * [[Spatial Analysis|spatial or locational tradition]]<ref name="Traditions1" /><ref name="Traditions2" /> * [[area studies]] or [[Regional geography|regional tradition]]<ref name="Traditions1" /><ref name="Traditions2" /> * [[Integrated geography|Human–Environment interaction tradition]] (originally referred to as the "man-land tradition")<ref name="Traditions1" /><ref name="Traditions2" /> * [[Earth science|Earth science tradition]]<ref name="Traditions1" /><ref name="Traditions2" />
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