Editing Gimel (section)

===Pronunciation===
In all [[varieties of Arabic]], cognate words will have consistent differences in pronunciation of the letter. The standard pronunciation taught outside the Arabic speaking world is an affricate {{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}}, which was the agreed-upon pronunciation by the end of the nineteenth century to recite the [[Qur'an]]. It is pronounced as a fricative {{IPAblink|ʒ}} in most of [[Northern Africa]] and the [[Levant]], and {{IPAblink|ɡ}} is the [[prestige (sociolinguistics)|prestigious]] and most common pronunciation in [[Egypt]], which is also found in Southern [[Arabian Peninsula]]. Differences in pronunciation occur because readers of Modern Standard Arabic pronounce words following their native dialects.

Egyptians always use the letter to represent {{IPAblink|ɡ}} as well as in names and loanwords,<ref>{{Cite book |last=al Nassir |first=Abdulmunʿim Abdulamir |url=https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10917/1/354409.pdf |title=Sibawayh the Phonologist |publisher=University of New York |year=1985 |pages=80 |language=ar |access-date=23 April 2024 |archive-date=23 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423104616/https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10917/1/354409.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>  such as {{lang|ar|جولف}} "golf". However, <big>{{lang|ar|ج}}</big> may be used in Egypt to transcribe {{IPA|/}}{{IPA link|ʒ}}~{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}{{IPA|/}} (normally pronounced {{IPAblink|ʒ}}) or if there is a need to distinguish them completely, then <big>{{lang|ar|[[چ]]}}</big> is used to represent {{IPAslink|ʒ}}, which is also a proposal for [[Mehri language#Writing system|Mehri]] and [[Soqotri language#Writing system|Soqotri]] languages.

;The literary standard pronunciations:
*{{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}}: In most of the [[Peninsular Arabic|Arabian Peninsula]], parts of [[Algerian Arabic|Algeria]] ([[Algiers]] dialect), [[Iraqi Arabic|Iraq]], parts of [[Egypt]], parts of the [[Levantine Arabic|Levant]]. This is also the commonly taught pronunciation outside the Arabic speaking countries when Literary Arabic is taught as a foreign language. It is the agreed-upon pronunciation to recite the [[Qur'an]] and it also corresponds to {{lang|mt|[[ġ]]}} {{IPAslink|d͡ʒ}} in [[Maltese language|Maltese]] (a [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] language derived from [[Siculo-Arabic|Sicilian Arabic]]) as in ''ġar'' ''(neighbor)'' and Arabic {{lang|ar|جار}} ''(neighbor)'' both pronounced {{IPA|ar|d͡ʒaːr|}}.
*{{IPAblink|ʒ}}: In the [[Levantine Arabic|Levant]] (especially in the urban centers), [[Al Muthanna Governorate|Southern Iraqi Arabic]], most of the [[Maghreb]], and parts of Algeria ([[Oran]] dialect),<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mezzoudj |first1=Fréha |last2=Loukam |first2=Mourad |last3=Belkredim |first3=Fatma |title=Arabic Algerian Oranee Dialectal Language Modelling Oriented Topic |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/964255 |journal=International Journal of Informatics and Applied Mathematics |access-date=2024-04-21 |archive-date=2024-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421131108/https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/964255 |url-status=live }}</ref> and by some speakers in western Saudi Arabia (Hejaz).
*{{IPAblink|g}}: In Egypt, coastal [[Yemeni Arabic|Yemen]] ([[Tihamiyya Arabic|West]] and [[Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic|South]]), southwestern and eastern [[Oman]].
*{{IPAblink|ɟ}}: In [[Sudanese Arabic|Sudan]], parts of [[Saudi Arabia]], and hinterland [[Yemeni Arabic|Yemen]].

;Non-literary pronunciation
*{{IPAblink|j}}: In eastern Arabian Peninsula in the most colloquial speech, though sometimes {{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}} or {{IPAblink|ʒ}} in Literary Arabic loan words.
*{{IPAblink|j}}: In eastern Arabian Peninsula and Iraq but only colloquial speech, for example [[Kuwaiti Arabic|Kuwaiti]] Arabic {{lang|ar|وايد}} {{IPAblink|waːjɪd}} “a lot” vs. [[Najdi Arabic|Najdi]] Arabic {{lang|ar|واجد}} {{IPAblink|waːd͡ʒɪd}}.
*{{IPAblink|ɟʝ}}: attested among some bedouin dialects in Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{cite book| last=Il-Hazmy| first=Alayan| year=1975| title=A critical and comparative study of the spoken dialect of the Harb tribe in Saudi Arabia| url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43362.pdf| page=234| access-date=2024-04-21| archive-date=2024-03-18| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318053906/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43362.pdf| url-status=live}}</ref>