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GloFish
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=== Early development === [[File:Zebrafisch.jpg|thumb|right|An ordinary zebra danio]] The original [[zebrafish]] (or zebra danio, ''Danio rerio'') is a native of rivers in [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]]. It measures three centimeters long and has gold and dark blue stripes. In 1999, Dr. Zhiyuan Gong<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dbs.nus.edu.sg/staff/gong.htm|title=NUS - National University of Singapore|work=nus.edu.sg|access-date=2012-10-06|archive-date=2021-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125001844/https://www.dbs.nus.edu.sg/staff/gong.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and his colleagues at the [[National University of Singapore]] were working with a gene that encodes the [[green fluorescent protein]] (GFP), originally extracted from a [[jellyfish]], that naturally produced bright green [[fluorescence]]. They inserted the gene into a zebrafish embryo, allowing it to integrate into the zebrafish's [[genome]], which caused the fish to be brightly fluorescent under both natural white light and ultraviolet light. Their goal was to develop a fish that could detect [[pollution]] by selectively fluorescing in the presence of [[natural environment|environmental]] [[toxin]]s. The development of the constantly fluorescing fish was the first step in this process, and the National University of [[Singapore]] filed a patent application on this work.<ref>Published PCT Application WO2000049150 "Chimeric Gene Constructs for Generation of Fluorescent Transgenic Ornamental Fish." National University of Singapore [http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2000049150] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506033159/http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2000049150|date=2021-05-06}}</ref> Shortly thereafter, his team developed a line of red fluorescent zebra fish by adding a gene from a sea [[coral]], and orange-yellow fluorescent zebra fish, by adding a variant of the jellyfish gene. Later, a team of researchers at the [[National Taiwan University]], headed by Professor Huai-Jen Tsai, succeeded in creating a [[medaka]] (rice fish) with a fluorescent green color, which, like the zebrafish, is a [[model organism]] used in biology. The scientists from NUS and businessmen Alan Blake and Richard Crockett from Yorktown Technologies, L.P., a company in [[Austin, Texas]], met and a deal was signed whereby Yorktown obtained the worldwide rights to market the fluorescent zebrafish, which Yorktown subsequently branded as "GloFish". At around the same time, a separate deal was made between Taikong, the largest [[aquarium]] fish producer in Taiwan, and the Taiwanese researchers to market the green medaka in [[Taiwan]] under the name TK-1. In the spring of 2003, Taiwan became the first to authorize sales of a genetically modified organism as a pet. One hundred thousand fish were reportedly sold in less than a month at US$18.60 each. The fluorescent medaka are not GloFish, as they are not marketed by Yorktown Technologies, but instead by Taikong Corp under a different brand name.
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