Editing Global city (section)

==Criteria==
[[File:Above_Gotham.jpg|thumb|[[Manhattan]], the core area of [[New York City]], an Alpha++ global city, where there are several characteristic elements of global cities<ref>{{Cite web |title=What are the characteristics of world cities and megacities, and how has their distribution changed since 1950? – HBK Portal |url=https://hbkportal.co.uk/index.php/geography/urbanfutures2/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |language=en-GB |archive-date=17 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117203257/https://hbkportal.co.uk/index.php/geography/urbanfutures2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> like worldwide influential economic ([[New York Stock Exchange]]) and cultural ([[Broadway theatre|Broadway]]) centers, headquarters of international political organizations ([[Headquarters of the United Nations|UN headquarters]]), world renowned museums ([[Metropolitan Museum of Art|the Met Museum]], [[Museum of Modern Art|MOMA]], [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum|Guggenheim Museum]]), and worldwide-known landmarks ([[Times Square]], [[Empire State Building]], [[Central Park]])]]

Competing groups have devised competing means to classify and rank world cities and to distinguish them from other cities.<ref name="Doel and Hubbard" /> Although there is a consensus on the leading world cities,<ref name="GaWC 5">[http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb5.html GaWC Research Bulletin 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808022750/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb5.html |date=8 August 2011 }}, GaWC, [[Loughborough University]], 28 July 1999</ref> the chosen criteria affect which other cities are included.<ref name="Doel and Hubbard" /> Selection criteria may be based on a yardstick value (e.g., if the producer-service sector is the largest sector then city {{var|X}} is a world city)<ref name="Doel and Hubbard" /> or on an imminent determination (if the producer-service sector of city {{var|X}} is greater than the combined producer-service sectors of {{var|N}} other cities then city {{var|X}} is a world city.)<ref name="Doel and Hubbard" /> Although criteria are variable and fluid, typical characteristics of world cities include:<ref>Pashley, Rosemary. "HSC Geography". Pascal Press, 2000, p.164</ref>
* The most prominent criterion has been providing a variety of [[financial center|international financial services]],<ref>J.V. Beaverstock, [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb179.html World City Networks 'From Below'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060308055423/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb179.html |date=8 March 2006}}, GaWC, Loughborough University, 29 September 2010</ref> notably in [[FIRE economy|finance, insurance, real estate]], [[banking]], [[accountancy]], and [[marketing]]; and their amalgamation of financial headquarters, a [[stock exchange]], and other major financial institutions,
* [[Headquarters]] of numerous [[multinational corporations]],
* Domination of the trade and economy of a large surrounding area,
* Major manufacturing centers with [[port]] and [[shipping container|container]] facilities,
* Considerable [[power (international relations)|decision-making power]] daily and at a global level,
* Centers of new ideas and [[innovation]] in business, economics, and culture,
* Centers of [[digital media|digital]] and other media and communications for [[global networks]],
* The dominance of the national region with great international significance,
* The high percentage of residents employed in the [[services sector]] and [[quaternary sector of the economy|information sector]],
* High-quality educational institutions, including renowned universities and [[research]] facilities; and attracting international student attendance,<ref>K. O'Connor, [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb161.html International Students and Global Cities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060205103720/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb161.html |date=5 February 2006 }}, GaWC, Loughborough University, 17 February 2005</ref>
* Multi-functional [[infrastructure]] offering some of the best legal, medical, and entertainment facilities in the country,
* High diversity in language, culture, religion, and ideologies.