Editing Glowworm (section)

==Fungus gnats==
Three genera of [[fungus gnat]]s are bioluminescent, and known as "glowworms" in their larval stage. They produce a blue-green light.<ref name="pso"/> The larvae spin sticky webs to catch food. They are found in caves, overhangs, rock cavities, and other sheltered, wet areas. They are usually classified under the family [[Keroplatidae]], but this is not universally accepted and some authors place them under [[Mycetophilidae]] instead. Despite the similarities in function and appearance, the bioluminescent systems of the three genera are not [[Homology (biology)|homologous]] and are believed to have evolved separately.<ref name="oba"/><ref name="V">{{cite journal |first1=Vadim R. |last1=Viviani |first2=J. Woodland |last2=Hastings |first3=Thérèse |last3=Wilson |year=2002 |title=Two bioluminescent diptera: the North American ''Orfelia fultoni'' and the Australian ''Arachnocampa flava''. Similar niche, different bioluminescence systems |journal=Photochemistry and Photobiology |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=22–27 |doi=10.1562/0031-8655(2002)075<0022:TBDTNA>2.0.CO;2 |pmid=11837324|s2cid=198153893 }}</ref><ref name="rig">{{cite journal |first1=Lisa M. |last1=Rigby |first2=David J. |last2=Merritt |year=2011 |title=Roles of biogenic amines in regulating bioluminescence in the Australian glowworm ''Arachnocampa flava'' |journal= Journal of Experimental Biology |volume=214 |issue=19 |pages=3286–3293 |doi=10.1242/jeb.060509 |pmid=21900476 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
* Genus ''[[Arachnocampa]]'' – around five species found only in [[New Zealand]] and [[Australia]]. The best-known member of the genus is the New Zealand glowworm, ''[[Arachnocampa luminosa]].'' The larvae are predatory and use their lights to lure prey into their webs.<ref name="Meyer-Rochow 2007">{{cite journal |last=Meyer-Rochow |first=Victor Benno |title=Glowworms: a review of "Arachnocampa" spp and kin |journal=Luminescence |date=2007 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=251–265 |doi=10.1002/bio.955 |pmid=17285566}}</ref>
* Genus ''[[Orfelia]]'' – sometimes known as "dismalites". Contains a single species, ''[[Orfelia fultoni]]'', found only in [[North America]]. Like ''Arachnocampa'' spp., their larvae may use their lights to attract prey like springtails and other small insects, but their main food is fungal spores.<ref name="Sivinski 1998">{{cite journal |last1=Sivinski |first1=J. M. |title=Phototropism, bioluminescence, and the Diptera |journal=Florida Entomologist |date=1998 |volume=81 |issue=3 |pages=282–292 |url=http://journals.fcla.edu/flaent/article/view/74832 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412230533/http://journals.fcla.edu/flaent/article/view/74832 |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 12, 2016 |doi=10.2307/3495919 |jstor=3495919 |doi-access= |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* Genus ''[[Keroplatus]]'' – found in [[Eurasia]]. Unlike ''Arachnocampa'' and ''Orfelia'', the larvae of ''Keroplatus'' feed only on fungal spores.<ref name="Osawa 2014">{{cite journal |last1=Osawa |first1=K. |last2=Sasaki |first2=T. |last3=Meyer-Rochow |first3=Victor Benno |title=New observations on the biology of Keroplatus nipponicus Okada 1938 (Diptera; Mycetophiloidea; Keroplatidae), a bioluminescent fungivorous insect |journal=Entomologie Heute |date=2014 |volume=26 |pages=139–149}}</ref> Their bioluminescence is believed to have no function and is [[vestigial]].<ref name="oba"/>

{{Gallery
 |File:Arachnocampa luminosa larvae.jpg |Two New Zealand glowworms (''[[Arachnocampa luminosa |Arachnocampa&nbsp;luminosa]]'') from the [[Waitomo Caves]] of [[New Zealand]]
 |File:Foxfire at Anna Ruby Fall, Chattahoochee National Forest (14516028661).jpg |''[[Orfelia fultoni |Orfelia&nbsp;fultoni]]'' among moss in [[Anna Ruby Falls]], [[Georgia (U.S. state) |Georgia]]
}}