Editing GnuTLS (section)

== History ==

=== Origin ===
GnuTLS was initially created around March<ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-03-07 |title=Initialized repository for GNU TLS (8aef5fff) · Commits · gnutls / GnuTLS · GitLab |url=https://gitlab.com/gnutls/gnutls/-/commit/8aef5fff2e54b67c694fa4ef9190cbedf1ff00c1 |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=GitLab |language=en}}</ref> to November<ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-11-15 |title=gnutls0-0-4 · Tags · gnutls / GnuTLS · GitLab |url=https://gitlab.com/gnutls/gnutls/-/tags/gnutls0-0-4 |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=GitLab |language=en}}</ref> 2000,  by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos to allow applications of the [[GNU Project]] to use secure protocols such as [[Transport Layer Security|TLS]]. Although [[OpenSSL]] already existed, OpenSSL's license is not [[License compatibility|compatible]] with the GPL;<ref>{{cite web | url = http://people.gnome.org/~markmc/openssl-and-the-gpl.html | title = The OpenSSL License and The GPL | date = 2004-06-22 | author = Mark McLoughlin | access-date = 2011-04-06 | df = dmy-all | archive-date = 2016-04-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160411112314/https://people.gnome.org/~markmc/openssl-and-the-gpl.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> thus software under the GPL, such as GNU software, could not use OpenSSL without making a [[GPL linking exception]].

=== License  ===
The GnuTLS library was [[Software license|licensed]] originally under the [[GNU Lesser General Public License]] v2, while included applications to use the [[GNU General Public License]].

In August 2011 the library was updated to the [[LGPLv3]].<ref>[http://upstream.rosalinux.ru/changelogs/gnutls/3.2.1/changelog.html Version 2.99.4 (released 2011-07-23)&#91;...&#93; ** libgnutls: license upgraded to LGPLv3]</ref> After it was noticed<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nmav.gnutls.org/2013/03/the-perils-of-lgplv3.html |title=The perils of LGPLv3|first=Nikos |last=Mavrogiannopoulos |publisher=gnutls.org |date=2013-03-26 |access-date=2015-11-18 |quote=''LGPLv3 is the latest version of the GNU Lesser General Public License. It follows the successful LGPLv2.1 license, and was released by Free Software Foundation as a counterpart to its GNU General Public License version 3. The goal of the GNU Lesser General Public Licenses is to provide software that can be used by both proprietary and free software. This goal has been successfully handled so far by LGPLv2.1, and there is a multitude of libraries using that license. Now we have LGPLv3 as the latest, and the question is how successful is LGPLv3 on this goal? In my opinion, very little. If we assume that its primary goal is to be used by free software, then it blatantly fails that.'' |df=dmy-all}}</ref> that there were new [[license compatibility]] problems introduced, especially with other [[free software]] with the license change, after discussions the [[Relicensing|license was downgraded]] again to LGPLv2.1 in March 2013.<ref>[http://www.gnutls.org/abi-tracker/changelog/gnutls/3.1.10/log.html 2013-03-14 Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos (nmav@gnutls.org) * COPYING.LESSER, README: gnutls 3.1.10 is LGPLv2.1]</ref>

=== Split from GNU ===
GnuTLS was created for the [[GNU Project]],<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> but in December 2012 its maintainer, Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos, dissociated the project from GNU after policy disputes with the [[Free Software Foundation]].<ref name=":0">[https://lwn.net/Articles/529522/ GnuTLS, copyright assignment, and GNU project governance] on lwn.net by Michael Kerrisk (December 20, 2012)</ref><ref name=":1">
{{cite web | url = https://lwn.net/Articles/529558/ | title = gnutls is moving 
| date = 2012-12-18 
| author = Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos 
| access-date = 2012-12-11 |df=dmy-all
}}</ref> [[Richard Stallman]] opposed this move and suggested [[Fork (software)|forking]] the project instead.<ref>{{cite mailing list|url=https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/gnutls-devel/2012-12/msg00003.html|title=GNUTLS is not going anywhere|date=2012-12-11|first=Richard|last=Stallman|mailing-list=gnutls-devel|quote=you cannot take GNUTLS out of the GNU Project. |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Soon afterward, developer Paolo Bonzini ended his maintainership of GNU [[Sed]] and [[Grep]], expressing concerns similar to those of GnuTLS maintainer Mavrogiannopoulos.<ref>{{cite mailing list|url=https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-gnu-utils/2012-12/msg00011.html|title=GNU sed 4.2.2 released, and a rant from the maintainer|mailing-list=bug-gnu-utils|first=Paolo|last=Bonzini|date=2012-12-22 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>