Editing Goose bumps (section)

=== As a response to cold ===
In animals covered with fur or hair, the erect hairs trap air to create a layer of [[thermal insulation|insulation]]. Goose bumps can also be a response to anger or fear: the erect hairs make the animal appear larger, in order to intimidate enemies. This can be observed in the intimidation displays of chimpanzees,<ref>Martin Muller and John Mitan. [http://people.bu.edu/mnmuller/Pdfs/Muller&Mitani_2005.pdf Conflict and Cooperation in Wild Chimpanzees.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908032501/http://people.bu.edu/mnmuller/Pdfs/Muller%26Mitani_2005.pdf|date=2006-09-08}} ''Advances in the Study of Behavior'', vol. 35</ref> some [[New World monkey]]s like the [[cotton-top tamarin]],<ref name="Agg5">French and Snowdon. [[Sexual dimorphism]] in responses to unfamiliar intruders in the tamarin, '' Saguinus oedipus''. [[Animal Behaviour (journal)|Animal Behaviour]] (1981) vol. 29 (3) pp. 822–829</ref> in stressed mice<ref>{{cite journal|author=Masuda|display-authors=etal|date=Jul 1999|title=Developmental and pharmacological features of mouse emotional piloerection|journal=Experimental Animals|volume=48|issue=3|pages=209–211|doi=10.1538/expanim.48.209|pmid=10480027|doi-access=free}}</ref> and rats, and in frightened cats.