Editing Gouache (section)

== History ==
[[File:MET 24 DP238441r2 61E.jpg|thumb|12th-century Buddhist manuscript, India]]
A form of gouache, with honey or [[tragacanth]] gum as a binder, was used in [[Ancient Egyptian art|Ancient Egyptian painting]].  It was also used in European [[illuminated manuscript]]s,<ref>Osborne, Harold (ed), ''The Oxford Companion to Art'', p. 496, 1970, OUP, {{ISBN|019866107X}}</ref> as well as [[Persian miniature]]s. Although they are often described as "watercolor", Persian miniatures and [[Mughal miniature]]s are predominantly examples of gouache.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Minassian Collection of Persian, Mughal, and Indian Miniature Paintings|url=https://library.brown.edu/cds/minassian/essay_production.html#materials|access-date=2020-08-10|website=library.brown.edu}}</ref> The term gouache, derived from the Italian ''guazzo'', also refers to paintings using this opaque method. "Guazzo", Italian for "mud", was originally a term applied to the early 16th-century practice of applying [[oil paint]] over a [[tempera]] base,<ref name="hand_mat">Mayer, Ralph. ''The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques'', Viking Adult; 5th revised and updated edition, 1991. {{ISBN|0-670-83701-6}}</ref> which could give a matted effect. In the 18th century in [[France]], the term ''gouache'' was applied to opaque watermedia.

During the eighteenth century gouache was often used in a mixed technique, for adding fine details in [[pastel]] paintings. Gouache was typically made by mixing watercolours based on gum arabic with an opaque white pigment. In the nineteenth century, watercolours began to be industrially produced in tubes and a "[[Chinese white]]" tube was added to boxes for this purpose.  Gouache tends to be used in conjunction with watercolor, and often ink or pencil, in 19th-century paintings.

Later that century, for decorative uses "poster paint" (as it is known in the U.S.), was mass-produced, based on the much cheaper dextrin binder. It was sold in cans or as a powder to be mixed with water. The dextrin replaced older paint types based on [[hide glue]] or [[Sizing|size]]. During the twentieth century, gouache began to be specially manufactured in tubes for more refined artistic purposes. Initially, gum arabic was used as a binder but soon cheaper brands were based on dextrin, as is most paint for children.

<gallery class="center" widths="170px" heights="170px">
File:Johannes Simon Holtzbecker - Asphodelus ramosus - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Asphodelus ramosus]]'' by Hans Simon Holtzbecker, 1649–1659, gouache on [[parchment]], {{cvt|50.5|x|38.5|cm|in|frac=4}}

Exeter and the Canal Basin.jpg|''[[Exeter]] and the Canal Basin'' by [[John Gendall]] between 1835 and 1840; watercolour and gouache on paper

Honoré Daumier, Une cause célèbre, c.1862 (gouache).jpg|[[Honoré Daumier]], ''Une cause célèbre'', ca.1862

Sunset at Sea (1865-70) by Claude Monet - Ashmolean Museum.jpg|Claude Monet, ''Sunset at Sea'', 1865–70, [[Ashmolean Museum]], Oxford

Glenn O. Coleman - Battery Park - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Battery Park]]'' in New York by [[Glenn O. Coleman]] (1887–1932), {{cvt|12+1/4|x|16+1/2|in|cm|0|order=flip}}

Josep Mª Tamburini Dalmau - Young Girl with a Hat - Google Art Project.jpg|[[Josep Maria Tamburini]], ''Young Girl with a Hat'', 1909, {{cvt|38|x|25|cm|in|frac=4}}

1920er circa Léon Bénigni Gouache designed for the Cover of Femina magazine.jpg|Léon Bénigni, cover design for ''[[Femina (France)|Femina]]'' magazine, 1920s

Roman Nyman "Dekoratsioonikavand" (E. Hardti draamale "Narr tantsis"), 1923. Tartmus.tif|Roman Nyman,  stage design for a drama, 1923. [[Tartu Art Museum]], [[Estonia]]
</gallery>