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Grader
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==History== {{Redirect|Autopatrol|the Wikipedia user right|Wikipedia:Autopatrolled}} [[File:PazandakGrader1918.jpg|thumb|1918 grader]] Early graders were drawn by humans and [[working animal|draft animals]]. The [[Fresno scraper|Fresno Scraper]] is a machine pulled by horses used for constructing canals and ditches in sandy soil. The design of the Fresno Scraper forms the basis of most modern earthmoving scrapers, having the ability to scrape and move a quantity of soil, and also to discharge it at a controlled depth, thus quadrupling the volume which could be handled manually. The Fresno scraper was invented in 1883 by James Porteous. Working with farmers in Fresno, California, he had recognised the dependence of the Central San Joaquin Valley on irrigation, and the need for a more efficient means of constructing canals and ditches in the sandy soil. In perfecting the design of his machine, Porteous made several revisions on his own and also traded ideas with William Deidrick, Frank Dusy, and Abijah McCall, who invented and held patents on similar scrapers.{{Citation needed|date=August 2016}} The era of motorization by [[traction engine]]s, [[steam tractor]]s, [[truck|motor trucks]], and [[tractor]]s saw such [[towing|towed]] graders grow in size and productivity. The first self-propelled grader was made in 1920 by the Russell Grader Manufacturing Company, which called it the Russell Motor Hi-Way Patrol. These early graders were created by adding the grader blade as an attachment to a generalist tractor unit. After purchasing the company in 1928, [[Caterpillar Inc.|Caterpillar]] went on to truly integrate the tractor and grader into one design—at the same time replacing [[continuous track|crawler]] tracks with wheels to yield the first rubber-tire self-propelled grader, the Caterpillar Auto Patrol, released in 1931.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKkMb8Nc9RYC&pg=PA118|title=The Caterpillar Century|first=Eric|last=Orlemann|publisher=Motorbooks International|edition=2nd|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7603-2961-0|page=118|access-date=7 March 2012}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
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