Editing Grape (section)

== Description ==
Grapes are a type of [[fruit]] that grow in clusters of 15 to 300 and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. "White" grapes are actually green in color and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. [[Mutation]]s in two [[regulatory genes]] of white grapes turn off production of [[anthocyanin]]s, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Walker | first1 = A. R.
| last2 = Lee | first2 = E.
| last3 = Bogs | first3 = J.
| last4 = McDavid | first4 = D. A. J.
| last5 = Thomas | first5 = M. R.
| last6 = Robinson | first6 = S. P.
| doi = 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02997.x
| title = White grapes arose through the mutation of two similar and adjacent regulatory genes
| journal = The Plant Journal
| volume = 49
| issue = 5
| pages = 772–785
| year = 2007
| pmid = 17316172
| doi-access = free
}}</ref> Anthocyanins and other [[pigment]] chemicals of the larger family of [[Polyphenols in grape|polyphenols]] in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines.<ref>{{Cite journal
| doi = 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02903.x
| last1 = Waterhouse | first1 = A. L.
| title = Wine phenolics
| journal = Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
| volume = 957
| issue = 1 | pages = 21–36
| year = 2002
| pmid = 12074959
| bibcode = 2002NYASA.957...21W | s2cid = 36937910}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| doi = 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00518-1
| last1 = Brouillard | first1 = R.
| last2 = Chassaing | first2 = S.
| last3 = Fougerousse | first3 = A.
| title = Why are grape/fresh wine anthocyanins so simple and why is it that red wine color lasts so long?
| journal = Phytochemistry
| volume = 64
| issue = 7
| pages = 1179–1186
| year = 2003
| pmid = 14599515
| bibcode = 2003PChem..64.1179B }}</ref> Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a [[prolate spheroid]].