Editing Gush Emunim (section)

==History==
Gush Emunim was founded by students of [[Zvi Yehuda Kook]] in February 1974 in the living room of [[Haim Drukman]],<ref>Lustick (1988), p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=dD-1Nm6NTHQC&pg=PA63 63].</ref><ref name= GG>{{cite book |last= Gorenberg |first= Gershom |author-link= Gershom Gorenberg |title= The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967-1977 |year= 2006 |publisher= Times Books, Henry Holt & Co. |page= 356 |isbn= 0805082417 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpYvMW4PYuMC}}</ref> who is also credited with coining the term.<ref name= GG/> For the founders of the organization, the [[Yom Kippur War]] confirmed what Kook already argued before the outbreak of the Six-Day War: that [[Israeli settlement|Jewish settlement]] in the [[West Bank]], the [[Gaza Strip]] and the [[Golan Heights]] was required to hasten the process of redemption.<ref name= SHH>{{Cite book |last1= Hirsch-Hoefler |first1= Sivan |title= The Israeli Settler Movement: Assessing and Explaining Social Movement Success |last2= Mudde |first2= Cas |year= 2020 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |oclc= 1228051086 |isbn=978-1-316-48155-4 |page= 64 |doi= 10.1017/9781316481554 |s2cid= 229385277 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Ln-QzQEACAAJ&pg=PA64 |access-date= 25 April 2025}}</ref> In addition to Drukman, its ideological and political core consisted of other students of Zvi Yehuda Kook such as [[Hanan Porat]], [[Moshe Levinger]], [[Shlomo Aviner]], [[Menachem Froman]], [[Eliezer Waldman]], [[Yoel Bin-Nun]], and [[Yaakov Ariel]].<ref>Lustick (1988), p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=dD-1Nm6NTHQC&pg=PA73 73].</ref> Kook remained its leader until his death in 1982.

In 1974, an affiliated group named ''[[Gar'in|Garin]] [[Givat HaMoreh#Hebrew Bible|Elon Moreh]]'', led by [[Menachem Felix]] and [[Benjamin (Beni) Katzover]],{{Citation needed |date= October 2024}} attempted to establish a settlement on the ruins of the [[Sebastia, Nablus|Sebastia]] train station dating from the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] period.  After eight attempts and seven removals from the site by the [[Israel Defense Forces]] (IDF), an agreement was reached according to which the [[Israeli government]] allowed 25 families to settle in the Kadum army camp southwest of [[Nablus]]/[[Shechem]]. The Sebastia agreement was a turning point that opened up the northern West Bank to Jewish settlement.<ref>Lustick (1988), pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=dD-1Nm6NTHQC&pg=PA45 45]-46.</ref> The small mobile home site housing 25 families eventually became the municipality of [[Kedumim]], one of the major settlements in the West Bank. The Sebastia model was subsequently copied in [[Beit El]], [[Shavei Shomron]], and other settlements.{{Citation needed |date= October 2024}}

In 1976, Gush Emunim founded the settlement-building arm [[Amana (organization)|Amana]], which soon became independent and is still active. That same year, Gush Emunin held [[April 1976 Gush Emunim march through the West Bank|a two-day march through the West Bank]] with around 20,000 people joined the march. In 1979-80, a group of members from Gush Emunim radicalised and formed the [[Jewish Underground]]. This organization conducted several terror attacks and plotted to blow up the Dome of the Rock.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= Sprinzak |first= Ehud |title=From messianic pioneering to vigilante terrorism: The case of the gush emunim underground |date=1 December 1987 |journal=[[Journal of Strategic Studies]] |volume= 10 |issue= 4 |pages= 194–216 |issn= 0140-2390 |doi= 10.1080/01402398708437321 |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/01402398708437321|url-access= subscription }}</ref> The uncovering of the terrorist organization led to a severe blow to the settler movement's reputation. Following the crisis, Gush Emunim's role as the formal umbrella organization of the settler movement was gradually taken over by the [[Yesha Council]], although Gush Emunim, as of 2010, never formally ceased to exist.<ref name= Taub/> Despite being rooted in Gush Emunim, the Yesha Council is considered more practical and pragmatic than its predecessor.<ref>Hirsch-Hoefler & Mudde (2020), p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ln-QzQEACAAJ&pg=PA75 75].</ref> The Yesha Council, in its role as the political umbrella organization, and Amana, as the executive, settler-building branch, nowadays form the two main institutions of the settler movement.{{Citation needed |date= October 2024}}

[[Yoel Bin-Nun]], one of the founding members of Gush Emunim, broke off from the organization in the aftermath of the [[assassination of Yitzhak Rabin]].<ref name= YKH/>