Editing HMS Resolution (1771) (section)

==Cook's second voyage==
{{main|Second voyage of James Cook}}
[[File:HodgesA View of Cape Stephens in Cook's Straits New Zealand with Waterspout 1776..jpg|thumb|''[[A View of Cape Stephens in Cook's Straits with Waterspout]]'' by [[William Hodges]]]]
''Resolution'' departed [[Sheerness]] on 21 June 1772, carrying 118&nbsp;people, including 20 volunteers who had sailed on Cook's first voyage in [[HM Bark Endeavour|HMS ''Endeavour'']] in 1768–1771,<ref name="Hough 1995, pp. 235–236">Hough 1995, pp. 235–236</ref> and two years of provisions.<ref>Beaglehole 1959, p. 15</ref>{{ref|provisions|[a]}} She joined [[HMS Adventure (1771)|HMS ''Adventure'']] at [[Plymouth]] and the two ships departed English waters on 13 July 1772.

''Resolution'''s first port of call was at [[Funchal]] in the [[Madeira Islands]], which she reached on 1 August. Cook gave high praise to her sailing qualities in a report to the Admiralty from Funchal Roads, writing that she "steers, works, sails well and is remarkably stiff and seems to promise to be a dry and very easy ship in the sea".<ref name="Hough239-241">Hough 1995, p. 239</ref> The ship was reprovisioned with fresh water, beef, fruit and onions, and after a further provisioning stop in the [[Cape Verde Islands]] two weeks later, set sail due south toward the [[Cape of Good Hope]]. Several of the crew had brought monkeys aboard as pets, but Cook had them thrown overboard to prevent their droppings from fouling the ship.<ref name="Hough239-241"/>

On his first voyage Cook had calculated [[longitude]] by the usual method of [[lunar distance (navigation)|lunars]], but on her second voyage the [[Board of Longitude]] sent a highly qualified astronomer, [[William Wales (astronomer)|William Wales]], with Cook and entrusted him with a new [[marine chronometer]], the [[Larcum Kendall#K1|K1]],
recently completed by [[Larcum Kendall]], together with three chronometers made by [[John Arnold (watchmaker)|John Arnold]]. Kendall's K1 was remarkably accurate and was to prove to be most efficient in determining longitude on board ''Resolution''.

On 17 January 1773, ''Resolution'' was the first ship to cross the [[Antarctic Circle]] and crossed twice more on the voyage. The third crossing, on 3 February 1774, was the most southerly penetration, reaching latitude 71°10′&nbsp;South at longitude 106°54′&nbsp;West. ''Resolution'' thus proved [[Alexander Dalrymple]]'s ''[[Terra Australis|Terra Australis Incognita]]'' to be a myth.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wales |first=William |title=Log book of HMS 'Resolution' |url=http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-RGO-00014-00058 |publisher=Cambridge Digital Library |access-date=28 May 2013 |archive-date=26 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526055639/http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-RGO-00014-00058 |url-status=live}}</ref> She returned to Britain in 1775 and was then [[paid off]].