Editing Hall-effect thruster (section)

=== Soviet designs ===
Two types of Hall thrusters were developed in the Soviet Union:
* thrusters with wide acceleration zone, SPT ({{langx|ru|СПД, стационарный плазменный двигатель}}; {{langx|en|SPT}}, '''Stationary Plasma Thruster''') at [[OKB Fakel|Design Bureau Fakel]]
* thrusters with narrow acceleration zone, DAS ({{langx|ru|ДАС, двигатель с анодным слоем}}; {{langx|en|TAL}}, Thruster with Anode Layer), at the [[TsNIIMash|Central Research Institute for Machine Building]] (TsNIIMASH).

[[File:Russian stationary plasma thrusters.jpg|thumb|right|Soviet and Russian SPT thrusters]]
The SPT design was largely the work of A. I. Morozov.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fluid.ippt.gov.pl/sbarral/hall.html|title=Hall thrusters|date=14 January 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040228215222/http://fluid.ippt.gov.pl/sbarral/hall.html|archive-date=28 February 2004 }}</ref><ref name="Morozov_PPR">{{Cite journal|title = The conceptual development of stationary plasma thrusters|last = Morozov|first = A.I.|date = March 2003|journal = Plasma Physics Reports|doi = 10.1134/1.1561119|pages = 235–250|publisher = Nauka/Interperiodica|bibcode = 2003PlPhR..29..235M|issue = 3|volume = 29|s2cid = 122072987}}</ref> The first SPT to operate in space, an SPT-50 aboard a Soviet [[Meteor (satellite)|Meteor spacecraft]], was launched December 1971. They were mainly used for satellite stabilization in north–south and in east–west directions. Since then until the late 1990s 118 SPT engines completed their mission and some 50 continued to be operated. Thrust of the first generation of SPT engines, SPT-50 and SPT-60 was 20 and 30&nbsp;mN respectively. In 1982, the SPT-70 and [[SPT-100]] were introduced, their thrusts being 40 and 83&nbsp;mN, respectively. In the post-Soviet [[Russia]] high-power (a few [[kilowatt]]s) [[SPT-140]], SPT-160, SPT-200, T-160, and low-power (less than 500 W) SPT-35 were introduced.<ref name="NK">{{cite web|url=http://novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/content/numbers/198/35.shtml|title=Native Electric Propulsion Engines Today|publisher=Novosti Kosmonavtiki|date=1999|issue=7|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606033558/http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/content/numbers/198/35.shtml|archive-date=6 June 2011|language=ru}}</ref>

Soviet and Russian TAL-type thrusters include the D-38, D-55, D-80, and D-100.<ref name="NK" />