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==Violence and hate crimes== {{Further|Hate crime}} Four categories which are associated with hate groups' propensity for [[violence]] are: organizational capacity, organizational constituency, strategic connectivity, and structural arrangement.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Chermak |first=S. |author2=Freilich, J. |author3=Suttmoeller, M. |title=The organizational dynamics of far-right hate groups in the United States: comparing violent to nonviolent organizations |journal=Studies in Conflict and Terrorism |date=2013 |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=193β218 |doi=10.1080/1057610X.2013.755912 |s2cid=55870656}}</ref> The larger an extremist group is and the longer it has existed, it is more prone to engage in violence. Regionally, hate groups which are based in the [[Western United States|West]] and the [[Northeastern United States|Northeast]] are more likely to engage in violence than those hate groups which are based in the [[Southern United States|South]]. If a group has a charismatic leader, it is more likely to be violent. Groups that share conflict-based relationships with other groups are more likely to engage in extreme violence. The amount of ideological literature which a group publishes is linked to significant decreases in a group's violent behavior, with more literature linked to lower levels of violence. The California Association for Human Relations Organizations (CAHRO) asserts that hate groups such as the [[Ku Klux Klan]] (KKK) and [[White Aryan Resistance]] (WAR) preach violence against racial, religious, sexual and other minorities in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cahro.org/2011/08/freedom-from-fear-ending-californias-hate-violence-epidemic/ |title=Freedom From FearR: Ending California's Hate Violence Epidemic |publisher=CAHRO β California Association of Human Relations Organizations |website=Cahro.org |date=1992-01-07 |access-date=2013-09-14 |archive-date=2013-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731080003/http://www.cahro.org/2011/08/freedom-from-fear-ending-californias-hate-violence-epidemic/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Joseph E. Agne argues that hate-motivated violence is a result of the successes of the [[civil rights movement]], and he asserts that the KKK has resurfaced and new hate groups have formed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gbgm-umc.org/advance/Church-Burnings/hategrup.html#consult |title=The Church's Response to Hate-Group Violence |publisher=Gbgm-umc.org |access-date=2013-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224231637/http://gbgm-umc.org/advance/Church-Burnings/hategrup.html#consult |archive-date=2012-02-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Agne argues that it is a mistake to underestimate the strength of the hate-violence movement, its [[apologist]]s and its silent partners.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://gbgm-umc.org/advance/Church-Burnings/hategrup.html |title=The Church's Response to Hate-Group Violence<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2004-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224231637/http://gbgm-umc.org/advance/Church-Burnings/hategrup.html#consult |archive-date=2012-02-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the US, crimes that "manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity, including the crimes of murder and nonnegligent manslaughter; forcible rape; robbery; aggravated assault; burglary; larceny-theft; motor vehicle theft; arson; simple assault; intimidation; and destruction, damage or vandalism of property", directed at the government, an individual, a business, or institution, involving hate groups and hate crimes, may be investigated as acts of domestic terrorism.<ref>The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program β Data Quality Guidelines for Statistics [https://www.fbi.gov/ucr/guidelines/guidelines.htm#hatecrimehistory Appendix III β A Brief History of the Hate Crime Program]</ref><ref>Federal Bureau of Investigation β Civil Rights {{cite web |url=https://www.fbi.gov/hq/cid/civilrights/overview.htm |title=Federal Bureau of Investigation β Civil Rights β Hate Crime Overview |access-date=2016-07-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307005258/https://www2.fbi.gov/hq/cid/civilrights/overview.htm |archive-date=2016-03-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/ucr/hc2006/index.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717214828/https://www.fbi.gov/ucr/hc2006/index.html|url-status=dead|title=Hate Crime Statistics, 2006 Hate Crime Overview β The FBI's Role|archivedate=July 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>1999 Developing Hate Crime Questions for the National Crime Victim Survey (NCVS) p. 1 {{cite web |url=https://www.amstat.org/sections/srms/Proceedings/papers/1999_181.pdf |title=Sections & Interest Groups |access-date=2008-01-04 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030512103017/https://www.amstat.org/sections/srms/Proceedings/papers/1999_181.pdf |archive-date=May 12, 2003}}</ref>
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