Editing Hi-hat (section)

==Modern stands==
[[File:Hi-hat stand tilt mechanisms.JPG|thumb|left|100px|Bottom hat tilt screws]]
[[File:Hi-hat stand spikes.PNG|thumb|left|100px|Most stands have retractable spikes, shown here extended, to minimize slipping]]
[[Image:Hihat rod clutch clamps pedal.jpg|left|thumb|100px|10&nbsp;inch mini-hats with (1) hi-hat rod and clutch (2) tom and cowbell holder (3) hi-hat legs and pedal]]
[[Image:Hihat pedal.JPG|thumb|left|100px|Hi-hat pedal and legs]]
The standard hi-hat features two cymbals mounted on a stand consisting of a mating metal tube and rod supported by a tripod and linked to a pedal.  The stationary bottom cymbal sits atop the tube, typically parallel to the ground, but is often fitted with an adjustment screw allowing it to be set slightly tilted.  The top cymbal is mounted bell up on the rod and closed against the bottom by foot pressure on the pedal.

An integrated clutch assembly includes a spring which may be adjusted to set resistance, which also varies rate and tension of return, as well as an adjustment for the gap between cymbals when open.<ref name="PEARLHARDWARE">[http://www.pearldrum.com/hardware.asp "Pearl Drums Hardware"] 2004 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106075352/http://www.pearldrum.com/hardware.asp |date=6 November 2007 }}</ref>

Standard terminology has evolved. '''''Open''''' and '''''closed hi-hat''''' refer to notes struck while the two cymbals are apart or together (open or closed), while '''''pedal hi-hat''''' refers to parts or notes played solely with the pedal used to strike the two cymbals. Most [[drum pattern|cymbal patterns]] consist of both open and closed notes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://web.mit.edu/merolish/Public/drums.pdf|title=Audio Graffiti: Guide to Drum & Percussion Notation|date=August 2004}}</ref>

Some hi-hats allow the tripod to be tilted or rotated.  Another configuration omits the tripod and attaches the stand to the side of the bass drum, particular suitable for kits with very large or double bass drums.

===Clutch===
The standard clutch uses a [[knurled]] collar partially threaded below the cymbal and a pair of knurled rings above it. The collar is tightened against the end of the thread, while the rings are tightened against each other.

{{gallery
|File:Hi-hat clutch.JPG|Tama hi-hat clutch of the traditional pattern
|File:Hi-hat clutch disassembled.JPG|The same clutch disassembled
|File:Hi-hat clutch on a cymbal.JPG|The same clutch installed on a top hi-hat cymbal
}}

====Drop clutch====
A '''drop clutch''' allows a pair of hats mounted on a conventional hi-hat stand to be closed without use of the pedal.

The drop clutch is provided with a lever that can be operated by hand or struck with a drumstick. This action releases the upper hi-hat cymbal, which falls onto the bottom cymbal and remains there, with gravity then holding the hats loosely closed, and allowing them to be played by the sticks in this position. Operation of the pedal re-engages the clutch and allows the player to resume normal playing.

Drop clutches were developed to allow players using [[double bass drum]] pedals to play closed hi-hats without needing to operate the hi-hat pedal, and this remains their primary application.

As it relies on gravity to close the cymbals, the drop clutch gives the player no control over the tension holding them together, and supplies only minimal tension. On the other hand, if the player manually lowers the top cymbal of a standard hi-hat stand before playing, this allows any desired tension to be set, and the pedal can still be used to increase the tension while playing, but not to open the hats or to reduce the tension. Some drummers prefer this technique and reject the drop clutch as too limiting to the sounds available.

In 2020, Tama introduced the Sizzle Touch Drop Clutch. This clutch, when dropped, allows the distance between the top and bottom cymbals to be adjusted via an adjustment bolt on top of the clutch. To return the clutch to functioning as a standard one, the drummer depresses the hi-hat stand's pedal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sizzle Touch Drop Clutch STDC7 {{!}} Hi-Hat Clutches {{!}} HI-HAT STAND ACCESSORIES {{!}} PRODUCTS|url=https://www.tama.com/usa/products/detail/stdc7.html|access-date=5 January 2021|website=TAMA Drums|language=en}}</ref>

A less common alternative is the locking hi-hat pedal, such as the Tama "Cobra Clutch". This and similar high-end locking pedals do allow for control over the tension. It is engaged by pressing a lock pedal separate from the main pedal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tamadrum.co.jp/product/hardware_data.php?id%3D18%26year%3D2012%26area%3D2 |title=&#124; TAMA Drums |access-date=28 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701172947/http://www.tamadrum.co.jp/product/hardware_data.php?id=18&year=2012&area=2|publisher=[[Tama Drums]] |archive-date=1 July 2015 }} retrieved 29 January 2012</ref>

===Cable hats===
A '''cable hat''' or '''remote hat''' uses a cable to allow hi-hat cymbals to be positioned independently of the pedal. Operation is otherwise normal.

===X-hats===
An '''X-hat''' is an adapter to allow a pair of hi-hat cymbals to be mounted in a closed position on a cymbal stand. There is no pedal, the hats are simply kept closed at a constant tension, similar to a [[cymbal stack]]. They are associated with [[heavy metal music]], particularly styles that use [[double bass drumming]], a two-foot technique. By using an X-hat, a drummer who is already using both feet on the bass drum
pedals can still play hi-hat.

===Different cymbal hi-hats===
Besides traditional hi-hat cymbals (normally 14" but also commonly 13" or 15") the enormous variety of cymbals available means many of them are used as hi-hats. Drummer [[Thomas Lang]] uses a hi-hat made out of Bell cymbals as his secondary hi-hat. [[Terry Bozzio]] uses two China cymbals in the form of a hi-hat as a kind of distortion hi-hat. Following this principle, [[Sabian Cymbals|Sabian]] alongside drummer Tony Verderosa, has developed the 12" VFX distortion hi-hats, mixing a Crash cymbal on the bottom with a China on the top.

===Non-cymbal hi-hats===
In addition to the many types of hi-hat cymbals on the market, there are also non-cymbal hi-hat pedals like the [[Latin Percussion]] Shekere hi-hat, the [[Remo]] Spoxe hi-hats created by [[Terry Bozzio]] in the late 80s, the Factory Metal Hat Crasherz or the [[Baldman Percussion]] Junk Hats. These kinds of percussion offer different textures in addition to the main hi-hat pedal on the drum kit and also options to expand the kit's pedal row.