Editing High rising terminal (section)

== Usage ==
In the United States, the phenomenon of HRT may be fairly recent but is an increasingly common characteristic of speech especially among younger speakers. However, serious scientific and linguistic inquiry on this topic has a much more extensive history in linguistic journals from Australia, New Zealand, and Britain where HRT seems to have been noted as early as World War II.

It has been noted in speech heard in areas of Canada, in [[Cape Town]], the [[Falkland Islands]], and in the United States where it is often associated with a particular [[sociolect]] that originated among affluent teenage girls in southern California (see [[Valleyspeak]] and [[Valley girl]]). It was observed in Mississippi in 1963 (see "Twirling at Ole Miss" in ''[[Red-Dirt Marijuana and Other Tastes]]''). Elsewhere in the United States, this tonal pattern is characteristic of the speech heard in parts of the rural [[upper Midwest]] that have come under the influence of [[Norwegian phonology]] through [[Norwegian Minnesotan|Norwegian migration to Minnesota]] and [[Norwegian Dakotan|North Dakota]].

Although it is characterized in Britain as "Australian question intonation" (AQI) and blamed on the popularity of [[Soap opera#Australia|Australian soap operas]] among teenagers, HRT is also a feature of several Irish-English dialects, especially in [[Ulster English|mid-Ulster and Belfast English]].<ref name="bbc">{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Stokel-Walker |title=The unstoppable march of the upward inflection? |work=[[BBC News]] |date=11 August 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-28708526 |access-date=17 February 2022 }}</ref>

Research published in 1986, regarding vernacular speech in [[Sydney]], suggested that high rising terminal was used more than twice as often by young people than older people, and was more common among women than men.<ref name="guy">{{cite journal |last1=Guy |first1=G. |last2=Horvath |first2=B. |last3=Vonwiller |first3=J. |last4=Daisley |first4=E. |last5=Rogers |first5=I. |title=An intonational change in progress in Australian English |journal=Language in Society |volume=15 |year=1986 |pages=23&ndash;52 |issn=0047-4045 | doi = 10.1017/s0047404500011635 |s2cid=146425401 }}</ref> In other words, HRT was more common among women born between 1950 and 1970, than among men born before 1950. The same research (and other sources) also suggested that the practice often served to discourage interruption, by indicating that a speaker had not quite completed a particular statement.<ref name="warren"/><ref name="allan"/><ref name="guy"/>

High rising terminal also occurs in non-English languages, such as in Arabic ([[Iraqi Arabic]], [[Egyptian Arabic]] and [[Lebanese Arabic]]), [[Amharic]], [[Cham language|Cham]], [[Tuvaluan language|Tuvaluan]], [[French language|French]], and [[Dominican Spanish|Dominican]]<ref name="Warren2016">{{cite book|author=Paul Warren|title=Uptalk: The Phenomenon of Rising Intonation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pOzCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA168|date=5 January 2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-45385-8|pages=168–}}</ref> and other varieties of Spanish.<ref>[http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1884&context=pwpl Uptalk in Spanish Dating Shows?]</ref>