Editing Homarus (section)

==Species==
Eight extinct species are known from the [[fossil record]],<ref name="Grave">{{cite journal|journal=[[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology]] |year=2009 |volume=Suppl. 21 |pages=1–109 |title=A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans |author1=Sammy De Grave |author2=N. Dean Pentcheff |author3=Shane T. Ahyong |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |display-authors=etal |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606064728/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-06 }}</ref> which stretches back to the [[Cretaceous]],<ref name="Obst">{{cite journal |journal=[[Molecular Ecology (journal)|Molecular Ecology]] |year=2005 |volume=14 |pages=4427–4440 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02752.x |title=Hidden diversity and host specificity in cycliophorans: a phylogeographic analysis along the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea |author1=Matthias Obst |author2=Peter Funch |author3=Gonzalo Giribet |pmid=16313603 |issue=14|s2cid=26920982 }}</ref> but only two species survive. These two species, the [[American lobster]] and the [[European lobster]], are very similar and may have [[speciation|speciated]] as recently as the [[Pleistocene]], during climatic fluctuations.<ref name="Obst"/> The best characters for distinguishing them are the geographic distribution, with the American lobster in the western Atlantic and the European lobster in the eastern Atlantic, and by the presence of one or more teeth on the underside of the [[Rostrum (anatomy)|rostrum]] in ''H. americanus'' but not in ''H. gammarus''.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/bis/lobsters.php?menuentry=tekstsleutel&pagenum=12 |title=''Key to species of the genus'' Homarus |page=57 |access-date=2006-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608150630/http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/bis/lobsters.php?menuentry=tekstsleutel&pagenum=12 |archive-date=2008-06-08 |url-status=dead }} In [[#refHolthuis|Holthuis (1991)]].</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
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! Image !! Scientific name !! Common name!! Description!! Distribution
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|[[File:Bugre europeu.jpg|150px]] || ''[[Homarus gammarus]]'' {{small|[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]}}|| European lobster or common lobster ||  may grow to a length of {{convert|60|cm|abbr=on}} and a mass of {{convert|6|kg}}, and bears a conspicuous pair of [[claw]]s.<ref name="MLW_gammarus"/> In life, the lobsters are most of the time blue, only becoming "lobster red" on cooking.<ref name="Davidson">{{cite book |author=Alan Davidson |year=2004 |title=North Atlantic Seafood: A Comprehensive Guide with Recipes |publisher=[[Ten Speed Press]] |isbn=978-1-58008-450-5 |chapter=Lobster (both European and American) |pages=188–189 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hFhjGhkAqZ0C&pg=PA188}}</ref> ''Homarus gammarus'' is a highly esteemed food, and is widely [[lobster fishing|caught]] using [[lobster trap|lobster pots]],<ref name="MLW_gammarus"/>|| Mostly around the [[British Isles]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/global-production/en |title=Fishery Statistical Collections. Global Production |work=Fisheries Global Information System |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] |accessdate=September 30, 2010}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Bugre americanu.jpg|150px]] || ''[[Homarus americanus]]'' {{small|H. Milne-Edwards, 1837}} ||  Atlantic lobster, Canadian lobster, true lobster, northern lobster, Canadian Reds, or Maine lobster. ||  commonly ranges from {{convert|20|-|60|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} in length and {{convert|0.5|-|4.1|kg|abbr=on}} in weight, but have been known to reach lengths of {{convert|64|cm|abbr=on}}<ref name="MLW_gammarus58">{{cite book|url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/lobsters.php?menuentry=soorten&id=87 |title=Homarus americanus |page=58 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608024508/http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/lobsters.php?menuentry=soorten&id=87 |archivedate=2011-06-08 }} In [[#refHolthuis|Holthuis (1991)]].</ref> and weigh as much as {{convert|20|kg|abbr=on}} or more, making this the heaviest marine crustacean in the world.<ref name="Guinness">{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/content_pages/record.asp?recordid=51451 |publisher=[[Guinness World Records]] |title=Heaviest marine crustacean |accessdate=August 3, 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060528192250/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/content_pages/record.asp?recordid=51451 |archivedate=May 28, 2006}}</ref> An average adult is about {{convert|23|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and weighs {{convert|700|-|900|g|abbr=on}}.<ref name="MLW_gammarus58"/>||Atlantic coast of North America, from Labrador in the north to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina in the south
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|}


===Fossil species===
[[File:Hoplopariabearpawensis.jpg|thumb|Fossil of ''Hoploparia bearpawensis''; the relationships between ''Homarus'' and ''Hoploparia'' remain unclear.]]
The boundaries between ''Homarus'' and the extinct genus ''[[Hoploparia]]'' are unclear, and some species, such as ''[[Hoploparia benedeni]]'' have been transferred between the two genera. Eight species have been assigned to ''Homarus'' from the fossil record.<ref name="Tschudy">{{cite journal |author=Dale Tshudy |year=2003 |title=Clawed lobster (Nephropidae) diversity through time |journal=[[Journal of Crustacean Biology]] |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=178–186 |doi=10.1651/0278-0372(2003)023[0178:CLNDTT]2.0.CO;2 |jstor=1549871|s2cid=85905108 }}</ref> They are:<ref>{{cite book |author1=Carrie E. Schweitzer |author2=Rodney M. Feldmann |author3=Alessandro Garassino |author4=Hiroaki Karasawa |author5=Günter Schweigert |year=2010 |title=Systematic List of Fossil Decapod Crustacean Species |volume=10 |series=Crustaceana monographs |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |isbn=978-90-04-17891-5}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Stratigraphic ranges are from Tschudy (2003)<ref name="Tschudy"/> and Polkowsky (2004).<ref>{{cite journal |author=S. Polkowsky |year=2004 |title=Decapode Krebse aus dem oberoligozänem Sternberger Gestein von Kobrow (Mecklenburg) |journal=Tassados |volume=1 |pages=1–126 |publisher=privately published |location=[[Schwerin]]}}</ref>|group=Note}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Garassino |first1=Alessandro |last2=Pasini |first2=Giovanni |last3=Nyborg |first3=Torrey |last4=Haggart |first4=James W. |date=2021-08-31 |title=Report of new lobsters (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) of Haida Gwaii Archipelago, Canada |url=http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/njgpa/detail/301/100014/Report_of_new_lobsters_Crustacea_Decapoda_from_the?af=crossref |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |language=en |volume=301 |issue=2 |pages=201–216 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/2021/1009 |issn=0077-7749|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*''[[Homarus brittonestris]]'' <small>Stenzel, 1945</small> – lower [[Turonian]]
*''[[Homarus davisi]]'' <small>Stenzel, 1945</small> – lower [[Turonian]]
*''[[Homarus fami]]'' <small>Garassino, Pasini, Nyborg, Haggart, 2021</small> – [[Albian]]
*''[[Homarus lehmanni]]'' <small>Haas, 1889</small> – [[Rupelian]]
*''[[Homarus mickelsoni]]'' <small>(Bishop, 1985)</small> – lower [[Campanian]]
*''[[Homarus morrisi]]'' <small>Quayle, 1987</small> – [[Eocene]]
*''[[Homarus neptunianus]]'' <small>Polkowsky, 2004</small> – [[Oligocene]]
*''[[Homarus travisensis]]'' <small>Stenzel, 1945</small> – middle [[Albian]]