Editing HomePlug (section)

==History==
The HomePlug Powerline Alliance was formed to develop standards and technology for enabling devices to communicate with each other and the Internet over existing structure/house electrical wiring.

One of the greatest technical challenges was finding a way to reduce sensitivity to the electrical noise present on power lines. HomePlug solved this problem by increasing the communication carrier frequencies so that the signal is conveyed by the neutral conductor  which is common to all phases.

Founded in 2000, the HomePlug Powerline Alliance's goal was to create a standard to use existing home electrical wiring to communicate between products and connect to the Internet.<ref name="HP10Years"/> The first HomePlug specification  HomePlug 1.0  was released in June 2001. The HomePlug AV (for audio-video) specification  released in 2005 increased [[physical layer]] (PHY) peak data rates from approximately 13.0&nbsp;Mbit/s<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.cise.ufl.edu/~nemo/papers/IJCS2003.pdf|journal=International Journal of Communication Systems|title=HomePlug 1.0 Powerline Communication LANs - Protocol Description and Performance Results|author=M. K. Lee, R. E. Newman, H. A. Latchman, S. Katar and L. Yonge}}
</ref> to 200&nbsp;Mbit/s.

The HomePlug Green PHY specification was released in June 2010 and targets Smart Energy and Smart Grid applications as an interoperable "sibling" to HomePlug AV with lower cost, lower power consumption and decreased throughput.<ref name="PlugFAQ">"Frequently Asked Questions," HomePlug Powerline Alliance, http://www.homeplug.org/about/faqs/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331191754/http://www.homeplug.org/about/faqs/ |date=2014-03-31 }} (accessed June 22, 2010).</ref> It approved and published the HomePlug Command and Control specification in 2007 and the HomePlug Green PHY specification in June 2010.<ref name="AVwhite">{{Cite web |url=http://www.homeplug.org/tech/whitepapers/HPAV-White-Paper_050818.pdf |title=HomePlug Powerline Alliance Inc. HomePlug AV White Paper. Program documentation. HomePlug. Web |access-date=2010-11-12 |archive-date=2014-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611094513/http://www.homeplug.org/tech/whitepapers/HPAV-White-Paper_050818.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The 2010 [[IEEE 1901]] was approved and HomePlug AV  as baseline technology for the FFT-[[OFDM]] PHY within the standard and became an international standard. The HomePlug Powerline Alliance is a certifying body for IEEE 1901 products. The three major specifications published by HomePlug (HomePlug AV, HomePlug Green PHY and HomePlug AV2) are interoperable and compliant.<ref name="YONGUE14">{{cite book |author1=Yonge|author2=Larry|author3=Abad, Jose|author4=Afkhamie, Kaywan|author5=Guerrieri, Lorenzo|author6=Katar, Srinivas|author7=Lioe, Hidayat|author8=Pagani, Pascal|author9=Riva, Raffaele|author10=Schneider, Daniel M.|author11=Schwager, Andreas.|date=February 2014 |chapter=Chapter 14: HomePlug AV2: Next-generation Broadband over Power Line |title=MIMO Power Line Communications: Narrow and Broadband Standards, EMC, and Advanced Processing|publisher=CRC Press|editor1=Berger, Lars T.|editor2=Schwager, Andreas|editor3=Pagani, Pascal|editor4=Schneider, Daniel M. |pages=391–426|doi=10.1201/b16540-18|isbn=9781466557529|url=http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/b16540-18|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140519102233/http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/b16540-18|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-05-19}}</ref>

The organization had 69 members and had certified over 200 products as of 2010.<ref name="HP10Years"/>

In 2011, the HomePlug Green PHY specification was adopted by Ford, General Motors, Audi, BMW, Daimler, Porsche, and Volkswagen, as a connectivity standard for Plug-In Electrical Vehicle.<ref name="GP_auto">Seven Auto Manufacturers Collaborate on Harmonized Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Solution, {{cite web|title=Seven Auto Manufacturers Collaborate on Harmonized Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Solution {{pipe}} Ford Motor Company Newsroom|url=http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=35430|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308181718/http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=35430|archive-date=2012-03-08|access-date=2012-03-08}}</ref>

As of 2017, there are at least six chip vendors shipping HomePlug AV [[chipsets]] with IEEE 1901 specification support: [[Broadcom]], [[Qualcomm Atheros]], [[Sigma Designs]], Intellon, [[SPiDCOM]], and [[MStar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.homeplug.org/products/products/|title=HomePlug {{!}} HomePlug Products|last=Alliance|first=HomePlug Powerline|website=Homeplug.org|access-date=2017-01-01|archive-date=2017-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102081231/http://www.homeplug.org/products/products/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Newer versions of HomePlug support the use of Ethernet in bus topology via [[OFDM]] modulation, which enables several distinct data carriers to coexist in the same wire. Also, HomePlug's OFDM technology can turn off (mask) any sub-carriers that overlap previously allocated [[radio spectrum]] in a given geographic region, thus preventing interference. In [[North America]], for instance, HomePlug AV only uses 917 of 1155 sub-carriers.<ref name="AVharness">{{cite journal
 |last         = Katar
 |first        = S.
 |author2      = Krishnam, M.
 |author3      = Newman, R.
 |author4      = Latchman, H.
 |title        = Harnessing the potential of powerline communications using the HomePlug AV Standard
 |journal      = RF Design
 |pages        = 16–26
 |date         = August 2006
 |access-date   = 2008-01-06
 |url          = http://rfdesign.com/mag/608RFDF1.pdf
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090219215113/http://rfdesign.com/mag/608RFDF1.pdf
 |archive-date = 2009-02-19
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref>