Editing Homeland (section)

==Fatherland==
{{Redirect|Fatherland|other uses|Fatherland (disambiguation)}}
[[File:WWI postcards German and Austrian soldiers.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Postcard]] of an Austrian and a German soldier in the [[First World War]] with the text "Shoulder to shoulder, hand in hand, for God, Emperor and Fatherland."]]
Fatherland is the nation of one's "fathers", "[[forefathers]]", or [[ancestor]]s. The word can also mean the country of nationality, the country in which somebody grew up, the country that somebody's ancestors lived in for generations, or the country that somebody regards as home, depending on how the individual uses it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fatherland|title=Definition of FATHERLAND|website=merriam-webster.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref> It can be viewed as a [[nationalism|nationalist]] concept, in so far as it is evocative of emotions related to family ties and links them to national identity and patriotism. It can be compared to motherland and homeland, and some languages will use more than one of these terms.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2015/05/identity-crisis-motherland-fatherland/ |title=Identity Crisis: Motherland or Fatherland? |first=Caroline |last=James |access-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511021937/http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2015/05/identity-crisis-motherland-fatherland/ |archive-date=11 May 2015 |dictionary=[[Oxford Dictionaries (website)|Oxford Dictionaries]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=May 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Ancient Greek]] ''patris'', fatherland, led to ''patrios'', ''of our fathers'' and thence to the [[Latin]] ''patriota'' and [[Old French]] ''patriote'', meaning compatriot; from these the English word [[patriotism]] is derived. Romans and the subjects of [[Rome]] saw [[Italy]] as the fatherland (''patria'' or ''terrarum parens'') of the [[Roman Empire]], in contrast to [[Roman provinces]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hb6OAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA97 |title=Historiae Mundi: Studies in Universal History |author=Bloomsbury Publishing |author-link=Bloomsbury Publishing |publisher=[[A&C Black]] |date=20 November 2013 |page=97 |isbn=9781472519801}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ck0wSTQal48C&pg=PA330 |title=Eneid of Virgil |first=Charles |last=Anthon |author-link=Charles Anthon |year=1867}}</ref> The related [[Ancient Rome|Ancient Roman]] word ''Patria'' led to similar forms in modern [[Romance languages]].

The term fatherland is used throughout Europe where a [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] language is spoken. In Dutch ''vaderland'' is used in the national anthem, "[[Het Wilhelmus]]", which lyrics are written around 1570. It is also common to refer to the national history as ''vaderlandse geschiedenis''.

In German, the term ''Vaterland'' became more prominent in the 19th century. It appears in numerous patriotic songs and poems, such as Hoffmann's song ''[[Lied der Deutschen]]'' which became the national anthem in 1922. German government [[propaganda]] used its appeal to nationalism when making references to Germany and the state.<ref name="Wierzbicka 1997">{{cite book |last=Wierzbicka |first=Anna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6YJjY9qBv9kC&pg=PA173 |title=Understanding Cultures Through Their Key Words : English, Russian, Polish, German, and Japanese |date=21 July 1997 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-535849-0 |pages=173–175}}</ref><ref name="WoW">{{cite book |last=Stargardt |first=Nicholas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=12PauR6bjrIC&pg=PA328 |title=Witnesses of War: Children's Lives Under the Nazis |date=18 December 2007 |publisher=[[Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group]] |isbn=9780307430304 |page=328}}</ref> It was used in ''[[Mein Kampf]]'',<ref>{{cite book |last=Wilensky |first=Gabriel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mJN8Bqvp30cC&pg=PA85 |title=Six Million Crucifixions |publisher=QWERTY Publishers |year=2010 |isbn=9780984334643 |quote=What we have to fight for is the freedom and independence of the fatherland, so that our people may be enabled to fulfill the mission assigned to it by the creator}}</ref> and on a sign in a German [[concentration camp]], also signed, [[Adolf Hitler]].<ref>{{cite magazine |date=21 August 1939 |title=Nazi Germany reveals official pictures of its concentration camps |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA22 |magazine=[[Life (magazine)|Life]] |publisher=[[Time Inc]] |page=22 |volume=7 |issue=8 |issn=0024-3019 |quote=There is a road to freedom. Its milestones are Obedience, Endeavor, Honesty, Order, Cleanliness, Sobriety, Truthfulness, Sacrifice, and love of the Fatherland.}}</ref>

Because of the use of ''Vaterland'' in Nazi-German war propaganda, the term "Fatherland" in English has become associated with domestic British and American anti-Nazi propaganda during [[World War II]]. This is not the case in Germany itself, or in other Germanic speaking and Eastern European countries, where the word remains used in the usual patriotic contexts.

Terms equating "Fatherland" in Germanic languages:
* Afrikaans: ''Vaderland''
* Danish: ''fædreland''
* Dutch (Flemish): ''vaderland''<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_U2HsdbbDgI Wilhelmus]-YouTube</ref>
* West Frisian: ''heitelân''
* German: ''Vaterland''<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqAKJdv3fqU Vaterland]-YouTube</ref> (as in the national anthem [[Deutschlandlied|Das Lied der Deutschen]], also [[Austrians]], the [[Swiss people|Swiss]] as in the national anthem [[Swiss Psalm]] and [[Liechtensteiners]])
* Icelandic: ''föðurland''
* Norwegian: ''fedreland''
* Scots: {{lang|sco|faitherland}}
* Swedish: ''fäderneslandet'' (besides the more common ''fosterlandet''; the word ''faderlandet'' also exists in Swedish but is never used for Sweden itself, but for other countries such as Germany).

A corresponding term is often used in Slavic languages, in:
* [[Russian language|Russian]] ''otechestvo'' (отечество) or ''otchizna'' (отчизна)
* [[Polish language|Polish]] ''ojczyzna'' in common language literally meaning "fatherland", ''ziemia ojców'' literally meaning "land of fathers",<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://zpl.lt/2012/04/ziemia-ojcow/ |title = Ziemia Ojców|date = 16 April 2012}}</ref> sometimes used in the phrase ''ziemia ojców naszych''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://83.18.193.5/cku/index.php/component/content/article/244-2014-11-07-11-48-07.html |title=Ziemia Ojców Naszych |access-date=24 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514025214/http://83.18.193.5/cku/index.php/component/content/article/244-2014-11-07-11-48-07.html |archive-date=14 May 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> literally meaning "land of our fathers" (besides rarer name ''macierz'' "motherland")
* [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] ''batʹkivshchyna'' (батьківщина) or ''vitchyzna'' (вітчизна).
* [[Czech language|Czech]] ''otčina'' (although the normal Czech term for "homeland" is ''vlast'')
* the [[Belarusians]] as {{lang|be|Бацькаўшчына}} (''Baćkaŭščyna'')
* [[Serbo-Croatian]] ''otadžbina'' (отаџбина) meaning "fatherland", ''domovina'' (домовина) meaning "homeland", ''dedovina'' (дедовина) or ''djedovina'' meaning "grandfatherland" or "land of grandfathers"
* [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] татковина (''tatkovina'') as well as ''otechestvo'' (Отечество)
* [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] татковина (''tatkovina'')

===Other groups that refer to their native country as a "fatherland"===
Groups with languages that refer to their native country as a "fatherland" include:
* the [[Arabs]] as {{lang|ar|أرض الآباء}} ''<nowiki>'</nowiki>arḍ al-'abā<nowiki>'</nowiki>'' ("land of the fathers")
* the [[Albanians]] as ''Atdhe''
* the [[Amhara people|Amharas]] as {{lang|am|አባት አገር}} (''Abbat Ager'')
* the [[Rakhine people|Arakanese]] as {{transliteration|rki|italic=no|A pha rakhaing pray}} (အဖရခိုင်ပြည်)
* the [[Chechens]] as ''Daimokh''
* the [[Estonians]] as ''isamaa'' (as in the national anthem [[Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm]])
* the [[Finns]] as ''isänmaa''
* the [[Georgians]] as ''Samshoblo'' (სამშობლო - "[land] of parents") or ''Mamuli'' (მამული)
* the [[Ancient Greeks]] as πατρίς ''patris''
* the [[Ancient Rome|Ancient Romans]] as ''patria “fatherland”''
* the [[Greeks]] as πατρίδα {{transliteration|el|patrida}}'
* the [[Kazakhs]] as ''atameken''
* the [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]] as ''ata meken''
* the [[Latvians]] as tēvzeme
* the [[Lithuanians]] as ''tėvynė''
* the [[Nigerians]] as ''fatherland''
* the [[Oromo people|Oromo]] as ''Biyya Abaa''
* the [[Pakistanis]] as ''Vatan'' (madar-e-watan means motherland. Not fatherland)
* the [[Somali people|Somali]] as ''Dhulka Abaa'', land of the father
* the [[Thai people|Thais]] as ''pituphum'' (ปิตุภูมิ), the word is adapted from ''[[Sanskrit]]''
* the [[Tibet]]ans as <big>{{lang|bo|ཕ་ཡུལ}}</big> (''pha yul'')
* the [[Welsh people|Welsh]] as {{lang|cy|Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau}}, 'the ancient land of my fathers'

=== Romance languages ===
In [[Romance languages]], a common way to refer to one's home country is ''Patria/Pátria/Patrie'' which has the same connotation as ''Fatherland'', that is, the nation of our parents/fathers (From the Latin, Pater, father). As ''patria'' has feminine gender, it is usually used in expressions related to one's mother, as in Italian ''la Madrepatria'', Spanish ''la Madre Patria'' or Portuguese ''a Pátria Mãe'' (Mother Fatherland). Examples include:

* the [[Esperantist]]s as ''patrio'', ''patrolando'' or ''patrujo''
* [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]], [[Asturian language|Asturian]], [[Franco-Provençal language|Franco-Provençal]], [[Galician language|Galician]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (in its many dialects): ''Patria''
* [[Catalan language|Catalan]]: ''Pàtria''
* [[Occitan language|Occitans]]: ''Patrìo''
* [[French language|French]]: ''Patrie''
* [[Romanian language|Romanian]]: ''Patrie''
* [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Pátria''

===Multiple references to parental forms ===
* the [[Armenians]], as ''Hayrenik'' (Հայրենիք), home. The national anthem [[Mer Hayrenik]] translates as ''Our Fatherland''
*the [[Azerbaijanis]] as ''Ana vətən'' (lit. mother homeland; vətən from Arabic) or ''Ata ocağı'' (lit. father's [[hearth]])
* the [[Bosniaks]] as ''Otadžbina'' (Отаџбина), although ''Domovina'' (Домовина) is sometimes used colloquially meaning ''homeland''
* the [[China|Chinese]] as ''zǔguó'' (祖国 or 祖國 ([[traditional chinese]]), "land of ancestors"), ''zǔguómǔqīn'' (祖国母亲 or 祖國母親, "ancestral land, the mother") is frequently used.
* the [[Czechs]] as ''vlast'', ''power'' or (rarely) ''otčina'', fatherland
* the [[Hungarians]] as ''szülőföld'' (literally: "bearing land" or "parental land")
* the [[Indian people|Indians]] as मातृभूमि literally meaning "motherland", or पितृभूमि translating to "fatherland" in the Indo-Aryan liturgical tradition
* the [[Kurds]] as ''warê bav û kalan'' meaning "land of the fathers and the grandfathers"
* the [[Japanese people|Japanese]] as ''sokoku'' (祖国, "land of ancestors")
* the [[Koreans]] as ''joguk'' (조국, [[Hanja]]: 祖國, "land of ancestors")
* [[French language|French speakers]]: ''Patrie'', although they also use ''la mère patrie'', which includes the idea of motherland
* the [[Latvians]] as ''tēvija'' or ''tēvzeme'' (although ''dzimtene'' – roughly translated as "place that somebody grew up" – is more neutral and used more commonly nowadays)
* the [[Bamar people|Burmese]] as အမိမြေ (ami-myay) literally meaning "motherland"
* the [[Persian people|Persians]] as ''Sarzamin e Pedari (Fatherland), Sarzamin e Mādari (Motherland) or Mihan (Home)''
* the [[Polish people|Poles]] as ''ojczyzna'' (''ojczyzna'' is derived from ''ojciec'', Polish for father, but ''ojczyzna'' itself and ''Polska'' are [[Grammatical gender|feminine]], so it can also be translated as motherland), also an [[archaism]] ''macierz'' "mother" is rarely used.
* the [[Russians]], as ''Otechestvo'' (отечество) or ''Otchizna'' (отчизна), both words derived from ''отец'', Russian for father. ''Otechestvo'' is [[Grammatical gender|neuter]], ''otchizna'' is [[Grammatical gender|feminine]].
* the [[Slovenes]] as ''očetnjava'', although ''domovina'' (homeland) is more common.
* the [[Swedish people|Swedes]] as ''fäderneslandet'', although ''fosterlandet'' is more common (meaning the land that fostered/raised a person)
* the [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]] as ''Tổ quốc'' ([[Chữ Nôm]]: 祖國, "land of ancestors")