Editing Human migration (section)

== Migration patterns and related numbers ==
{{multiple image
| total_width       = 500
| image1            = 1990- Growth in share of population that is foreign-born - by country.svg
| caption1          = In recent decades, [[Immigration to the Western world|migration to nearly every Western country]] has risen sharply.<ref name=NYTimes_20240612>{{cite news |last1=Leonhardt |first1=David |title=The Force Shaping Western Politics |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/12/briefing/immigration-european-us-elections.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=12 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612124539/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/12/briefing/immigration-european-us-elections.html |archive-date=12 June 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> The slopes of the tops of the differently-colored columns show the rate of percent increase in foreign-born people living in the respective countries.
| image2            = Annual Net Migration Rate 2015–2020.svg
| caption2          = Annual Net Migration Rate 2015–2020. Prediction by UN in 2019.
}}
[[File:Migrants in the world 1960-2015-en.png|thumb|upright=1.25|The number of migrants in the world, 1960–2015<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2017-09-29|title=International migrant stock, total|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SM.POP.TOTL|work=The World Bank Data}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>]]
There exist many statistical estimates of worldwide migration patterns. The [[World Bank]] has published three editions of its ''Migration and Remittances Factbook'', beginning in 2008, with a second edition appearing in 2011 and a third in 2016.<ref>"[https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/discover?scope=%2F&query=Migration+and+Remittances+Factbook&submit= Open Knowledge Repository: Migration and Remittances Factbook]". World Bank Group. Retrieved 2019-08-11; ''Migrations and Remittances Factbook 2016'', p. xiii: "Factbook 2016 builds on the two previous editions of Factbooks".</ref> The [[International Organisation for Migration]] (IOM) has published ten editions of the ''[[World Migration Report]]'' since 1999.<ref name="WMR"/><ref name="world-migration-report-2020">{{Cite journal |date=2019-01-02 |title=World Migration Report 2020 |url=https://publications.iom.int/books/world-migration-report-2020 |journal=International Organisation for Migration |language=en |issn=1561-5502}}</ref> The [[United Nations Statistics Division]] also keeps a database on worldwide migration.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://esa.un.org/unmigration/wallchart2013.htm |title=United Nations Population Division &#124; Department of Economic and Social Affairs |access-date=2014-09-09 |archive-date=2023-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421022751/https://esa.un.org/unmigration/wallchart2013.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Recent advances in research on migration via the Internet promise better understanding of migration patterns and migration motives.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oiarzabal |first1=P. J. | last2 = Reips |first2=U.-D. |year=2012 |title=Migration and diaspora in the age of information and communication technologies |url=https://zenodo.org/record/897706 |journal=[[Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies]] |volume=38 |issue=9 |pages=1333–1338 |doi=10.1080/1369183X.2012.698202 |s2cid=144246309}}</ref><ref>Reips, U.-D., & Buffardi, L. (2012). [http://www.uni-konstanz.de/iscience/reips/pubs/papers/2012ReipsBuffardi_JEMS.pdf "Studying migrants with the help of the Internet: Methods from psychology"], ''Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies'', 38(9), 1405–1424. {{doi|10.1080/1369183X.2012.698208}}</ref>

Structurally, there is substantial [[South–South cooperation|South–South]] and North–North migration; in 2013, 38% of all migrants had migrated from developing countries to other developing countries, while 23% had migrated from high-income [[OECD]] countries to other high-income countries.<ref>''Migration and Remittances Factbook 2016'', p. 11 (reflecting figures from 2013).</ref> The [[United Nations Population Fund]] says that "while the North has experienced a higher absolute increase in the migrant stock since 2000 (32 million) compared to the South (25 million), the South recorded a higher growth rate. Between 2000 and 2013, the average annual rate of change of the migrant population in developing regions (2.3%) slightly exceeded that of the developed regions (2.1%)."<ref name="UNFrPA">{{cite web |year=2013 |title=International Migration 2013 (wall chart) |url=http://www.unfpa.org/resources/international-migration-2013-wall-chart |publisher=UNFPA}}</ref>

Substantial internal migration can also take place within a country, either [[seasonal human migration]] (mainly related to agriculture and tourism to urban places), or shifts of the population into cities ([[urbanisation]]) or out of cities ([[suburbanisation]]). However, studies of worldwide migration patterns tend to limit their scope to [[international migration]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+ International migrants, 1970–2015<ref>{{cite web |title=World Migration Report 2018 |url=https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/wmr_2018_en.pdf |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration]] |access-date=26 November 2019 |pages=15}}</ref>
|-
! Year !! Number of migrants !! Migrants as a % <p> of the world's population </p>
|-
| 1970 || 84,460,125 || 2.3%
|-
| 1975 || 90,368,010 || 2.2%
|-
| 1980 || 101,983,149 || 2.3%
|-
| 1985 || 113,206,691 || 2.3%
|-
| 1990 || 152,563,212 || 2.9%
|-
| 1995 || 160,801,752 || 2.8%
|-
| 2000 || 172,703,309 || 2.8%
|-
| 2005 || 191,269,100 || 2.9%
|-
| 2010 || 221,714,243 || 3.2%
|-
| 2015 || 243,700,236 || 3.3%
|-
| 2020 || 280 598 105 || 3.6%<ref>World Migration Report 2024, https://publications.iom.int/books/world-migration-report-2024</ref>
|}
Almost half of these migrants are women, one of the most significant migrant-pattern changes in the last half-century.<ref name="UNFrPA" /> Women migrate alone or with their family members and community. Even though female migration is largely viewed as an association rather than independent migration, emerging studies argue complex and manifold reasons for this.<ref>{{cite book |last=Thapan |first=M. |date=2008 |chapter=Series Introduction |title=Women and Migration in Asia |editor1-last=Palriwala |editor2-last=Uberoi |location=New Delhi |publisher=Sage Publications |isbn=978-0761936756 |page=359}}</ref>

As of 2019, the top ten [[immigration|immigration destinations]] were:<ref name="WMR2020chapter02" />
{{div col|colwidth=10em}}
* [[United States]]
* [[Germany]]
* [[Saudi Arabia]]
* [[Russian Federation]]
* [[United Kingdom]]
* [[United Arab Emirates]]
* [[France]]
* [[Canada]]
* [[Australia]]
* [[Italy]]
{{Div col end}}
In the same year, the top countries of origin were:<ref name="WMR2020chapter02">IOM. "[https://www.iom.int/wmr/2020/chapter/02 Migration and migrants: A global overview]." Ch. 2 in ''World Migration Report 2020''.  {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118155722/https://www.iom.int/wmr/2020/chapter/02 |date=2021-01-18 }}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=10em}}
* [[India]]
* [[Mexico]]
* [[China]]
* [[Russian Federation]]
* [[Syrian Arab Republic]]
* [[Bangladesh]]
* [[Pakistan]]
* [[Philippines]]
* [[Afghanistan]]
* [[Indonesia]]
{{Div col end}}

Besides these rankings, according to absolute numbers of migrants, the ''Migration and Remittances Factbook'' also gives statistics for top immigration destination countries and top emigration origin countries according to percentage of the population; the countries that appear at the top of those rankings are entirely different from the ones in the above rankings and tend to be much smaller countries.<ref name="MRF2016">''Migration and Remittances Factbook 2016''</ref>{{Rp|2, 4}}

[[File:Brooklyn Chinatown.png|thumb|Typical grocery store on [[Eighth Avenue (Brooklyn)#Chinatown|8th Avenue]] in one of the [[Chinatown, Brooklyn#Streetscape|Brooklyn Chinatowns]] on [[Long Island]], [[New York (state)|New York]].]] 
[[Chinese Americans in New York City|New York City]]'s multiple [[Chinatowns in New York|Chinatowns]] in [[Chinatowns in Queens#Streetscape|Queens]], [[Chinatown, Manhattan#Streetscape|Manhattan]], and Brooklyn are thriving as traditionally urban [[ethnic enclave|enclaves]], as large-scale Chinese immigration continues into New York,<ref name=Immigrants2013est>{{cite web |url=https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2013/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls |title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Supplemental Table 2 |publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security |access-date=14 April 2016}}</ref><ref name=Immigrants2012est>{{cite web |url=https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2012/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls |title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 2 |publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security |access-date=14 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222152450/http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2012/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls |archive-date=22 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/yearbook/2011/immsuptable2d.xls |title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2 |publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security |access-date=14 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/malaysian-man-smuggled-illegal-chinese-immigrants-brooklyn-queen-mary-2-authorities-article-1.143516|title=Malaysian man smuggled illegal Chinese immigrants into Brooklyn using Queen Mary 2: authorities |author=John Marzulli|work=Daily News|location=New York |date=9 May 2011 |access-date=14 April 2016 }}</ref> with the largest metropolitan Chinese population outside Asia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.queensbuzz.com/flushing-neighborhood-corona-neighborhood-cms-302|title=Chinese New Year 2012 in Flushing|publisher=QueensBuzz.com|date=25 January 2012|access-date=14 April 2016}}</ref> The [[New York metropolitan area]] contains the [[Chinese Americans in New York City|largest ethnic Chinese population]] outside of [[Asia]], comprising an estimated 893,697 uniracial individuals as of 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/17_1YR/S0201/330M400US408/popgroup~016|title=SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA Chinese alone|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=27 January 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214002005/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/17_1YR/S0201/330M400US408/popgroup~016|archive-date=14 February 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{clear}}
As of 2013, the top 15 migration corridors (accounting for at least two million migrants each) were:<ref name="MRF2016" />{{Rp|5}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
# [[Mexican Americans|Mexico–United States]]
# [[Russians in Ukraine|Russian Federation–Ukraine]]
# [[Bangladeshis in India|Bangladesh–India]]
# [[Ukrainians in Russia|Ukraine–Russian Federation]]
# [[Kazakhs in Russia|Kazakhstan–Russian Federation]]
# [[Chinese Americans|China–United States]]
# [[Russians in Kazakhstan|Russian Federation–Kazakhstan]]
# [[Afghans in Pakistan|Afghanistan–Pakistan]]
# [[Afghans in Iran|Afghanistan–Iran]]
# [[New immigrants in Hong Kong|China–Hong Kong]]
# [[Indians in the United Arab Emirates|India–United Arab Emirates]]
# [[Palestinians in Jordan|West Bank and Gaza–Jordan]]
# [[Indian Americans|India–United States]]
# [[Non-Resident Indians in Saudi Arabia|India–Saudi Arabia]]
# [[History of Filipino Americans|Philippines–United States]]
{{Div col end}}