Editing IBM System 9000 (section)

==History==
The System 9000 was developed by IBM Instruments, Inc., an IBM subsidiary established in 1980 that focused on selling scientific and technical instruments as well as the computer equipment designed to control, log, or process these instruments. It was originally introduced as the IBM Instruments Computer System Model 9000 in May 1982.<ref name="morgan198301" /><ref>{{Cite magazine
| author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->
| date=October 1982
| title=IBM Announces Science Micro
| magazine=[[PC Magazine]]
| volume=1
| issue=6
| department=P-Communications
| page=30
}}</ref><ref name="Wallace">{{Cite magazine
| last=Wallace
| first=Richard
| date=20 January 1986
| title=IBM Stops 9000 Series Production
| magazine=[[Electronic News]]
}}</ref> Its long name led to it being referred to as the ''Computer System 9000'', ''CS-9000'', ''CS/9000'',<ref>{{cite web
|title=Library of Congress Subject Headings 
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RovhdAusjgwC|last1=Congress|first1=Library of|last2=Office For Subject Cataloging Policy|first2=Library of Congress|year=1998}}</ref>  or ''CS9000''.  Originally, the CS9000 was available for scientific instrument users, it was not offered to customers who wanted to use it for other purposes.  The CS9000 was unsuccessful in this niche; the cheaper [[IBM Personal Computer]] was adequate for many instrumentation tasks, and IBM's larger general-purpose computers were used for more demanding tasks.<ref name="Wallace" />

In 1983 IBM began encouraging [[value-added reseller]]s to sell the CS9000 as an alternative to large computers like [[DEC Professional (computer)|DEC Professional]] and [[Honeywell Level 6]].<ref name="yankee198311">{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1983-11/1983_11_BYTE_08-11_Inside_the_IBM_PC#page/n135/mode/2up | title=Could 1,000,000 IBM PC Users Be Wrong? | work=BYTE | date=November 1983 | accessdate=19 March 2016 |author1=Gens, Frank |author2=Christiansen, Chris | page=135}}</ref> IBM formally repositioned the CS9000 on February 21, 1984<ref>International Business Machines Corporation (February 21, 1984). Announcement Letter 1984-022.</ref> as a family of computers, renaming it to the ''System 9000'', which consisted of the System 9001 and 9002. The 9001 was a renamed CS9000, which retained its focus on the instrumentation market, while the 9002 was a general-purpose business computer that ran the IBM CSOS or [[Microsoft]] [[Xenix]] operating systems and supported one to four users.<ref name="Henkel_1">{{Cite magazine
| last=Henkel
| first=Tom
| date=5 March 1984
| title=IBM moves System 9000 into corporate sector
| magazine=[[Computerworld]]
| volume=XVIII
| issue=10
| pages=79, 82
}}
</ref><ref name="Henkel_2">
{{Cite magazine
| last=Henkel
| first=Tom
| date=5 March 1984
| title=What IBM's move means to users
| magazine=[[Computerworld]]
| volume=XVIII
| issue=10
| department=Micro Bits
| pages=79, 81
}}
</ref>  The 9002 was unsuccessful in the business market, due to the lack of business application software support from software developers other than IBM.<ref name="Wallace" />  IBM finally introduced a new model, the System 9003, in April 1985  as a [[computer-aided manufacturing]] computer,<ref>{{Cite magazine
| author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->
| date=29 April 1985
| title=IBM System 9003 for manufacturing out
| magazine=[[Computerworld]]
| volume=XIX
| issue=17
| department=Microcomputers
| pages=48
}}
</ref> but it was also unsuccessful. As a result, manufacturing of the System 9000 family was stopped in January 1986,<ref name="Wallace" /> and it remained in limited availability until it was discontinued on 2 December 1986.<ref>IBM Announcement Letter Number 186-165</ref> Reasons cited for the failure of the System 9000 were its poor performance and high price, which led to the IBM PC being used where price was of concern, and to other 32-bit microcomputers being used where performance mattered.<ref name="Wallace" />  IBM closed its Instrument division in January 1987, reassigning the approximately 150 employees that had worked for it to other positions.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/09/business/company-news-ibm-to-shut-instrument-unit.html IBM to Shut Instrument Unit], Technology section, New York Times, January 9, 1987</ref>