Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
ISABELLE
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
==The ISABELLE project== A design study for a [[proton]] storage ring system was completed at [[Brookhaven National Laboratory|Brookhaven]] in 1973.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Frederick E. Mills | title=ISABELLE Design Study | journal=IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science | volume=20 | issue=3 | pages=1036β1038 | year=1973 | url=http://epaper.kek.jp/p73/PDF/PAC1973_1036.PDF | bibcode=1973ITNS...20.1036M | doi=10.1109/TNS.1973.4327320 }}</ref> In 1974 the U.S. [[Particle physics|High Energy Physics]] Advisory Panel recommended that ISABELLE (the '''I'''ntersecting '''S'''torage '''A'''ccelerator + "belle") should be built at Brookhaven. It was to be a 200+200 [[Electronvolt|GeV]] proton-proton system using [[Superconductivity|superconducting]] [[magnet]]s. [[New York (state)|New York]] politicians, spurred by the sometimes impetuous Sen. [[Daniel Patrick Moynihan|Moynihan]], pushed through funding before development of [[magnet]] [[technology]] had been completed. Construction began in 1978. The following year a prototype magnet was successfully tested. In 1981, however, production models of magnets failed at less than the [[magnetic field]] intensity needed for operation.<ref>{{cite web | author=John G. Cramer | title=Big Bangs in the Lab | publisher=Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, Seattle, WA | date=Sep 30, 1990 | url=http://www.npl.washington.edu/av/altvw46.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author=Walter Sullivan | title=Troubles continue for L.I. accelerator | work=New York Times | date=Jun 7, 1981 | url=http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/science/topics/physics/index.html?s=oldest&offset=10& | accessdate=2010-05-05}}</ref> Delays in the project led to competitive evaluation against a proposal for a much larger machine, eventually called the [[Superconducting Super Collider|Superconducting Supercollider]], a proton-proton system aimed at 20,000+20,000 [[Electronvolt|GeV]]; while developments in [[Europe]] at [[CERN]], including discovery of the [[W and Z bosons]], appeared to make ISABELLE redundant.<ref>{{cite web | author=Robert P. Crease | title=CERN, the US and the W | publisher=PhysicsWeb | date=Sep 2004 | url=http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/17/9/2 }}</ref> In July, 1983, the U.S. [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]] cancelled the ISABELLE project after spending more than US$200 million on it.<ref>{{cite news | author=William J. Broad | title=Big accelerator on Long Island gets 'NO' vote | work=New York Times | url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60F1FFD3E5D0C778DDDAE0894DB484D81& | date=1983-07-14 | accessdate=2010-05-05}}</ref> Cancellation of ISABELLE accelerated the United States fall from dominance in high energy physics and proved a [[wikt:harbinger|harbinger]] for the much more costly cancellation of the [[Superconducting Super Collider|Superconducting Supercollider]] in October, 1993.<ref>{{cite news | author=Michael Wines | title=House Kills the Supercollider and Now it Might Stay Dead | work=New York Times | url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00616F7385E0C738EDDA90994DB494D81 | date=1993-10-20 | accessdate=2010-05-05}}</ref> After years of planning and development, parts of the tunnel, experimental hall and magnet infrastructure built for ISABELLE were salvaged and reused by the [[Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider]] (RHIC), a US$617 million joint project of the U.S. [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]] and [[National Science Foundation]] which was approved in 1991 and began operation in 2000.<ref>{{cite web | author=Gregory H. Friedman | title=Audit Report on Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Project | publisher=U.S. Department of Energy | date=Mar 6, 2002 | url=http://www.ig.doe.gov/pdf/ig-0543.pdf | access-date=April 29, 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041016092146/http://www.ig.doe.gov/pdf/ig-0543.pdf | archive-date=October 16, 2004 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)