Editing Ickleton (section)

==Manors==
[[File:Ickleton_Village_Sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_333351.jpg|thumb|Wrought iron village sign]]
There are records of continuous [[Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon]] settlement at Ickleton for at least 1,000 years. Its [[Toponymy|toponym]] is derived from [[Old English]], meaning "Icel's farm"<ref name=VCH/> or "estate associated with a man named Icel".<ref name=Mills>{{harvnb|Mills|Room|2003|p=}}{{page needed|date=August 2013}}</ref>

In the late 10th or early 11th century Elfhelm of [[Great Wratting|Wratting]], a [[thegn]] of King [[Edgar the Peaceful]], left one [[Hide (unit)|hide]] of land at ''Icelingtune''<ref name=Mills/> to his kinsman, also called Elfhelm.<ref name=VCH/> In the reign of [[Edward the Confessor]] in the middle of the 11th century, 20 hides of land were being farmed in the parish.<ref name=VCH/> Squitrebil held 19{{fraction|1|2}} of them from the King, and Estred held the other {{fraction|1|2}} hide from [[Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia]].<ref name=VCH/>

After the [[Norman Conquest]] of England in 1066, almost all English estates were taken from their owners and granted to Norman barons. In 1067 [[William the Conqueror]] granted the manor of ''Hichelintone''<ref name=Mills/> to [[Eustace II, Count of Boulogne]], making Ickleton part of the [[Honour (feudal barony)|Honour]] of [[Boulogne]].<ref name=VCH/> The [[Domesday Book]] of 1086 records 43 tenants in the parish,<ref name=VCH/>

In 1125 [[Stephen, King of England|Stephen of Blois]] and Eustace II's granddaughter, [[Matilda of Boulogne]], were married, making Stephen Count of Boulogne ''[[jure uxoris]]''. In 1135 Stephen became King of England and in 1141 he granted Ickleton to [[Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex]].<ref name=VCH/> However, Mandeville became an outlaw in 1143 and was killed in 1144, and Ickleton seems to have reverted to [[the Crown]].<ref name=VCH/>

In about 1150 Stephen and Maud granted Ickleton to Eupheme, second wife of [[Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford]], as a wedding present.<ref name=VCH/> In about 1153 Eupheme granted £5 worth of land at Ickleton to [[Colne Priory]].<ref name=VCH/> By the end of that year Eupheme had died and the rest of Ickleton seems to have reverted to the Honour of Boulogne.<ref name=VCH/> When [[William I, Count of Boulogne]] died in 1159, King [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] took possession of the Honour.<ref name=VCH/>

Variations in spelling the village name may include 'Igyllyngton', as seen in 1460. <ref> Court of Common Pleas; CP 40/798; first entry in http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT1/H6/CP40no798/bCP40no798dorses/IMG_1040.htm  first entry, on line 4  </ref>
===Lesser estates===
There was a number of smaller manors in the parish.

====Valence or Vallance====
By 1162 the hospital at [[Montmorillon]] in Poitou, France held an estate at Ickleton. The steward of William I, Count of Boulogne had granted the land, and the [[Hundred Rolls]] of 1279 recorded that it covered about {{convert|100|acre}} and was tenanted by one Thomas the deacon. In 1300 Montmorillon hospital conveyed the estate to [[Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke]]. In 1305 Thomas relinquished his tenancy, and the Earl granted the estate to a Sir John Wollaston for the rest of the latter's life. When the Earl died in 1324 he left the estate to his granddaughter [[Elizabeth de Comyn]], but it continued to be called the Valence manor. Elizabeth and her husband [[Richard Talbot, 2nd Baron Talbot]] sold the manor in 1332 and it changed hands again in 1333, 1334 and 1344. In 1344 Valence manor was bought jointly by John Illegh, who was rector of [[Icklingham]], Suffolk and Thomas Keningham, a fellow of [[Michaelhouse, Cambridge]]. In 1345 Illegh made over his share of the estate to Michaelhouse.<ref name=VCH/>

In 1546 during the [[English Reformation|Reformation]] Michaelhouse was dissolved by Act of Parliament, along with [[King's Hall, Cambridge]], and the two were merged to form [[Trinity College, Cambridge]]. The Valence manor was granted to the new college, and in 1612 it was expanded to {{convert|307|acre}}. When Ickleton parish was [[Enclosure|inclosed]] in 1814 Trinity College was allotted {{convert|243|acre}}, which was named Vallance Farm. It increased this to {{convert|340|acre}} by 1946, when Vallance Farm was sold.<ref name=VCH/>

There was a Valence [[manor house]] by 1324, and there are subsequent records of it in 1461 and 1508. It may have been the same as the Valence manor house recorded in 1612, 1685 and 1726 on the south side of Mill Lane. It was a substantial house with six rooms on the ground floor and two [[Solar (room)|solars]] upstairs.<ref name=VCH/> The present Vallance farm in Grange Road has a brick farmhouse built in about 1825 for Trinity College's tenant.<ref>{{NHLE |num= 1128060 |desc=Vallance Farmhouse |date=17 December 1986 |accessdate=1 September 2013}}</ref>

[[File:"Hovells" on Frogge Street - geograph.org.uk - 797226.jpg|thumb|The Hovells, a 16th-century former [[manor house]] that was the seat of one of Ickleton's lesser estates]]

====Hovells====
By 1183 Ralph Brito held land at Ickleton of the Honour of Boulogne.<ref name=VCH/> By 1221 it had passed by marriage to Robert Hovel, whose bride was the daughter of Ralph's heir Thomas Brito. In 1222 a William Brito released a [[carucate]] of land to Hovel. The small estate passed to a Ralph Hovel and came to be called Hovells Manor. In 1253 Ralph Hovel confirmed a grant of {{convert|140|acre}} of land, apparently Hovells Manor at Ickleton, to the [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] [[Tilty Abbey]] in Essex. Certainly Tilty Abbey held Hovells Manor by 1279, when the Hundred Rolls recorded that it covered {{convert|190|acre}}. Under the [[Feudalism|feudal]] system Tilty Abbey held the estate of Robert Hovel, who in turn held it of the Honour of Boulogne.<ref name=VCH/>

The present Hovells house in Frogge Street was the manor house.<ref name=EH-Hovells>{{NHLE |num= 1165100 |desc=The Hovells |date=17 December 1986 |accessdate=1 September 2013}}</ref> It is an early 16th-century [[Timber framing#British tradition|timber-framed]] building, altered and extended in the 17th century.<ref name=EH-Hovells/>

====Durham's====
By 1199 Hamon Walter, a younger brother of [[Theobald Walter, 1st Baron Butler]] and the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] [[Hubert Walter]] had granted a small estate at Ickleton called Durhams Manor to the [[Premonstratensians|Premonstratensian]] [[West Dereham Abbey]] in Norfolk.<ref name=VCH/> In about 1235 it was assessed at one hide. The Hundred Rolls record that in 1279 the Abbey held in Ickleton about {{convert|52|acre}} "of Robert the son of Ryenold the knight" and possibly {{convert|68|acre}} of Ickleton Priory.<ref name=VCH/> The present Durham's Farmhouse in Butcher's Hill is a late 16th-century timber-framed building with 17th-century or later additions.<ref name="EH-Caldress"/>

====Caldress or Caldrees====
Before 1213 the Cistercian [[Calder Abbey]] in [[Cumberland]] had received land and half a [[watermill]] at Ickleton from [[Richard de Luci]].<ref name=VCH/> The estate came to be called Caldress Manor after the Abbey, which in 1279 held it of Thomas de Multon.<ref name=VCH/> This would seem to be the Thomas de Multon who was a descendant of [[Thomas de Multon, Lord|Thomas de Multon, Lord de Luci]], father of [[Thomas de Multon, 1st Baron Multon of Gilsland]] and died in 1287.

The present Caldress Manor house in Abbey Street may have 16th- or 17th-century origins.<ref name=EH-Caldress>{{NHLE |num= 1330958 |desc=Durham's Farmhouse |date=17 December 1896 |accessdate=1 September 2013}}</ref> It was added to in about 1800.<ref name=EH-Caldress/> Later in the 19th century the house was altered again for [[Robert Herbert]], first [[Premier of Queensland]], Australia, who was born in Ickleton.<ref name=EH-Caldress/> The original part of the house is timber-framed and the additions are brick.<ref name=EH-Caldress/>

[[File:Norman Hall - geograph.org.uk - 791812.jpg|thumb|Norman Hall, a 15th-century house with 16th-century and later alterations, became the seat of Brays manor until 1867]]

====Brays====
In 1279 John le Bray held land at Ickleton, and in 1302 the same or a later John le Bray held land at Ickleton of the Honour of Boulogne.  By 1346 the holding had passed to a John Sawston but it was still called Brays manor. It then passed through different owners and the record of succession is incomplete until 1523. In 1604 a member of the Crudd family (see ''Mowbrays'', below) bought much of the land, and by 1704 Brays and Mowbrays manors were owned by the same Thomas Crudd. He died unmarried in 1714, leaving both manors to the Hanchett family, into which two of his sisters had married. In the inclosure of 1814 Samuel Hanchett was allotted {{convert|106|acre}}. Brays stayed in the Hanchett family until it was sold in 1867. Robert Herbert (see ''Caldress or Caldrees'', above) bought part of the land but sold much of it in 1873.<ref name=VCH/>

There was a messuage with Brays manor in 1279, but by 1545 the house on the site had gone. By 1730 the house for the manor was Little Farm, east of the churchyard. This was later combined with the house next door to form Norman Hall, which in 1867 was sold and ceased to be a farmhouse. The oldest part of Norman Hall is not Norman at all but a 15th-century timber-framed [[Hall house|medieval hall]] with a cross-wing.<ref name=VCH/> It was altered in the 16th century and added to in the 18th and 19th centuries.<ref name=EH-Norman>{{NHLE |num= 1164925 |desc=Norman Hall |date=17 December 1896 |accessdate=1 September 2013}}</ref> The exterior is finished with a combination of flint, brick and 18th-century [[pargetting]].<ref name=EH-Norman/>

====Limburys====
By 1279 Roger [[House of Neville|de Neville]] held about {{convert|60|acre}} of demesne under Thomas de Multon. In 1302 Philip de Neville held {{fraction|1|4}} of a [[knight's fee]] at Ickleton, which by 1316 had passed to Sir John Limbury. In 1335 Sir John was [[High Sheriff|Sheriff]] of Cambridgeshire and held {{convert|100|acre}} at Ickleton of the de Multons. The estate passed to Sir John's heirs and descendants and came to be called Limburys manor. In 1433 Elizabeth, Lady Swinburne (née Limbury) died and in 1456 her executor sold the manor with about {{convert|80|acre}} to [[Clare Hall, Cambridge]].<ref name=VCH/>

Limbury manor had a [[messuage]] by 1279 and two in 1388 and 1389. In 1545 the farmstead was in Frog Street. In 1704 the farm-buildings were still there but there was no house. After Clare Hall bought Mowbrays manor in 1819 it let Limburys and Mowbrays together and the tenants lived at Mowbrays (see below).<ref name=VCH/> The present house called Limburys is a flint rubblestone house in Abbey Street dating probably from the early to mid 19th century.<ref>{{NHLE |num= 1330954 |desc=Limburys |date=17 December 1896 |accessdate=1 September 2013}}</ref>

====Mowbrays====
In 1279 the heirs of a William de Beauchamp of [[Bedford]] held {{convert|30|acre}} at Ickleton of West Dereham Abbey (see above). This descended by a female heir to the Mowbray family, and when [[John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray]] died in 1368 is estate included 30 acres at Ickleton held of the Honour of Boulogne. He left the estate to his son [[Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk|Thomas]], who in 1397 was created 1st [[Duke of Norfolk]]. The manor stayed in the Mowbray family until [[John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk]] and his wife [[Elizabeth de Mowbray, Duchess of Norfolk|Elizabeth]] conveyed it to [[feoffee]]s in 1469.<ref name=VCH/>

The estate continued to be called Mowbrays manor, and in the 1540s it was among lands bought by an Ickleton [[yeoman]], John Crudd, who enlarged the estate. Mowbrays descended in the Crudd family and its heirs the Hanchett, Warner and Brooke families. A Mrs Brooke held more than {{convert|280|acre}} in 1810 and died leaving the estate to her children in 1812. They were allocated {{convert|160|acre}} south of the village in the inclosure of 1814, which they then sold to Clare College, Cambridge in 1819. The college still owned the farm in 1972.<ref name=VCH/>

Mowbrays seems to have had no manor house in the 14th century but there may have been one in 1438. The present house called Mowbrays in Church Street is a late 15th- or early 16th-century timber-framed, [[Jettying|jettied]],<ref name=EH-Mowbrays>{{NHLE |num= 1330960 |desc=Mowbrays |date=22 November 1967 |accessdate=1 September 2013}}</ref> gabled<ref name=Pevsner112/> building, which originally had a central hall and two cross-wings.<ref name=VCH/> Late in the 17th century it was raised to two storeys and a west wing was added. Red-brick diagonal chimneystacks were built, which have the date 1690 scratched on them.<ref name=EH-Mowbrays/> The back of the house is decorated with pargetting.<ref name=Pevsner112/> Mowbrays is a [[Listed building#Categories of listed building|Grade II* listed building]].<ref name=EH-Mowbrays/>

[[File:Queensland State Archives 2954 Portrait of The Honourable Sir Robert George Wyndham Herbert Premier of Queensland c 1862.png|thumb|Sir [[Robert Herbert]], Lord of the Manor 1859–1905, encouraged many of Ickleton's young men to emigrate to [[Queensland]]]]

===Later history===
After 1538 the manors of Hovells, Caldress and Durhams, along with the estate of the former Ickleton Priory (see below) descended together, but legally remained separate entities. In 1600 [[Martin Heton]], the new [[Bishop of Ely]], surrendered the four manors to the Crown, which in 1602 sold them to a John Wood of nearby [[Hinxton]], who had already been leasing the land. In 1623 Wood sold the combined estate to the Holgate family of Saffron Walden, with whom it remained until at least 1717.<ref name=VCH/>

By 1719 the Holgates had sold the estate to the [[Peerage of Ireland|Irish peer]] [[Henry O'Brien, 8th Earl of Thomond|Henry O'Brien]], 8th [[Earl of Thomond]]. Ickleton was inherited by the 8th Earl's nephew [[Percy Wyndham-O'Brien, 1st Earl of Thomond]] in 1741 and by [[George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont]] in 1774. The 3rd Earl gave Ickleton to his younger brother the Hon. [[Percy Charles Wyndham]] in 1784, who thereafter lived at Caldress Manor.<ref name=VCH/>

In 1833 Wyndham left Ickleton Manor to his nephew [[Algernon Herbert]], an [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] scholar and [[Antiquarian|antiquary]] who became a [[barrister]] of the [[Inner Temple]]. Herbert died at Ickleton in 1855, leaving the manor to his young son Robert Herbert (born 1831), who also became a barrister at the Inner Temple but made his career as a colonial civil servant. Robert (later Sir Robert) Herbert never married, and died at Ickleton in 1905 leaving the manor to a descendant of his uncle Rev. [[William Herbert (botanist)|William Herbert]]. The estate eventually descended to William Herbert's great-grandson Percy Mundy, who died in 1959.<ref name=VCH/>