Editing Id, ego and superego (section)

== Id ==
Freud conceived of the id as the unconscious source of bodily needs, impulses and [[desires]], especially those related to aggression and the sexual drive.<ref name="Carlson">Carlson, N. R. (1999–2000) "Personality", ''Psychology: The Science of Behavior'' (Canadian ed.), p. 453. Scarborough, Ontario: Allyn and Bacon Canada.</ref> The id acts according to the [[Pleasure principle (psychology)|pleasure principle]]—the psychic force oriented to immediate gratification of impulse and desire.<ref name="Schacter">{{cite book |last=Schacter |first=Daniel |title=Psychology Second Edition |year=2009 |publisher=Worth Publishers|location=New York City |isbn=978-1-4292-3719-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/psychology0000scha/page/481 481] |url=https://archive.org/details/psychology0000scha/page/481 }}</ref>

Freud described the id as "the dark, inaccessible part of our personality". Understanding of it is limited to analysis of dreams and neurotic symptoms, and it can only be described in terms of its contrast with the ego. It has no organisation and no collective will: it is concerned only with satisfaction of drives in accordance with the pleasure principle.<ref>Sigmund Freud (1933), ''New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis''. pp. 105–6.</ref> It is oblivious to reason and the presumptions of ordinary conscious life: "contrary impulses exist side by side, without cancelling each other. . . There is nothing in the id that could be compared with negation. . . nothing in the id which corresponds to the idea of time."<ref>Sigmund Freud (1933). p. 106.</ref> The id "knows no judgements of value: no good and evil, no morality. ...Instinctual [[cathexis|cathexes]] seeking discharge—that, in our view, is all there is in the id."<ref>Sigmund Freud (1933). p. 107.</ref> 

Developmentally, the id precedes the ego. The id consists of the basic instinctual drives that are present at birth, inherent in the somatic organization, and governed only by the pleasure principle.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last1=Lapsley |first1=Daniel K. |last2=Paul C. |first2=Stey |title=Encyclopedia of Human Behavior |chapter=Id, Ego, and Superego |year=2012 |pages=393–399 |chapter-url=https://www3.nd.edu/~dlapsle1/Lab/Articles_%26_Chapters_files/Entry%2520for%2520Encyclopedia%2520of%2520Human%2520BehaviorFInal%2520Submitted%2520Formatted4.pdf |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-375000-6.00199-3 |isbn=9780080961804 |access-date=2018-10-22 |archive-date=2016-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213073830/http://www3.nd.edu/~dlapsle1/Lab/Articles_%26_Chapters_files/Entry%20for%20Encyclopedia%20of%20Human%20BehaviorFInal%20Submitted%20Formatted4.pdf |url-status=dead }}Chapter of {{cite book |editor-last=Ramachandran |editor-first=Vilayanur S. |editor-link=V. S. Ramachandran |title=Encyclopedia of Human Behavior |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yASuxMCuhKkC |edition=2nd, revised |year=2012 |publisher=Academic Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=yASuxMCuhKkC&pg=PT5774 393-399] |isbn=978-0-080-96180-4 }}</ref><ref>Freud, ''An Outline of Psycho-analysis'' (1940)</ref> The psychic apparatus begins as an undifferentiated id, part of which then develops into a structured "ego", a concept of [[self]] as an integrated unity that takes the principle of reality into account.

Freud describes the id as "the great reservoir of [[libido]]",<ref>Sigmund Freud, ''The Ego and the Id'', ''On Metapsychology'' (Penguin Freud Library 11) p. 369.</ref> the energy of desire, usually conceived as sexual in nature, the life instincts that are constantly seeking a renewal of life. He later also postulated a [[death drive]], which seeks "to lead organic life back into the inanimate state."<ref>Freud, ''On Metapsychology'' p. 380.</ref> For Freud, "the death instinct would thus seem to express itself—though probably only in part—as an ''instinct of destruction'' directed against the external world and other organisms"<ref>Freud, ''On Metapsychology'' p. 381.</ref> through aggression. Since the id includes all instinctual impulses, the destructive instinct, as well as [[Eros (concept)|eros]] or the life instincts, is considered to be part of the id.<ref>Sigmund Freud (1933). p. 138.</ref>