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Identity element
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==Examples== {| class="wikitable" ! Set !! Operation !! Identity |- | rowspan = "2"| [[Real number]]s, [[complex number]]s|| + ([[addition]]) || [[0 (number)|0]] |- | Β· ([[multiplication]]) || [[1 (number)|1]] |- | [[Positive integer]]s || [[Least common multiple]] || 1 |- | [[Non-negative integer]]s || [[Greatest common divisor]] || 0 (under most definitions of GCD) |- | rowspan = "2"| [[Vector (mathematics and physics)|Vectors]] || [[Vector addition]] | [[Zero vector]] |- |[[Scalar multiplication]] || [[1 (number)|1]] |- <!-- ||' ''R'''<sup>''n''</sup> || Β· (multiplication) || [[1 (number)|1]] --> | {{mvar|m}}-by-{{mvar|n}} [[matrix (mathematics)|matrices]] || [[Matrix addition]] | [[Zero matrix]] |- | {{mvar|n}}-by-{{mvar|n}} square matrices || [[Matrix multiplication]] | ''I''<sub>''n''</sub> ([[identity matrix]]) |- | {{mvar|m}}-by-{{mvar|n}} matrices || β ([[Hadamard product (matrices)|Hadamard product]]) | {{math|''J''<sub>''m'',β''n''</sub>}} ([[matrix of ones]]) |- | All [[function (mathematics)|functions]] from a set, {{mvar|M}}, to itself || β ([[function composition]]) || [[Identity function]] |- | All [[distribution (mathematics)|distributions]] on a [[group (mathematics)|group]], {{mvar|G}}<!-- a crap refurbished --> || β ([[convolution]]) || {{math|''Ξ΄''}} ([[Dirac delta]]) |- | rowspan = "2" | [[Extended real number]]s || [[Minimum]]/infimum || +β |- || [[Maximum]]/supremum || ββ |- | rowspan = "2" | Subsets of a [[Set (mathematics)|set]] {{mvar|M}} || β© ([[set intersection|intersection]]) || {{mvar|M}} |- || βͺ ([[set union|union]]) || β ([[empty set]]) |- | [[string (computer science)|Strings]], [[tuple|lists]] || [[Concatenation]] || [[Empty string]], empty list |- | rowspan = "4" | A [[Boolean algebra (structure)|Boolean algebra]] || <math display="inline">\and</math> ([[logical conjunction|conjuction]]) || <math display="inline">\top</math> ([[Tautology (logic)|truth]]) |- || <math display="inline">\leftrightarrow</math> ([[logical biconditional|equivalence]]) || <math display="inline">\top</math> ([[Tautology (logic)|truth]]) |- || <math display="inline">\vee</math> ([[Logical disjunction|disjunction]]) || <math display="inline">\bot</math> ([[Contradiction|falsity]]) |- || <math display="inline">\nleftrightarrow</math> ([[Exclusive or|nonequivalence]]) || <math display="inline">\bot</math> ([[Contradiction|falsity]]) |- | [[knot (mathematics)|Knots]] || [[Knot sum]] || [[Unknot]] |- | [[Compact surfaces]] || # ([[connected sum]]) || [[sphere|''S''<sup>2</sup>]] |- | [[Group (mathematics)|Groups]] || [[Direct product]] || [[Trivial group]] |- | Two elements, {{math|{''e'',β''f''}β}} | β defined by<br> {{math|1=''e'' β ''e'' = ''f'' β ''e'' = ''e''}} and <br> {{math|1=''f'' β ''f'' = ''e'' β ''f'' = ''f''}} | Both {{mvar|e}} and {{mvar|f}} are left identities,<br> but there is no right identity<br> and no two-sided identity |- | [[Homogeneous relation]]s on a set ''X'' || [[Relative product]] || [[Identity relation]] |- | [[Relational algebra]] || [[Natural join]] (β¨) || The unique relation [[relation of degree zero|degree zero]] and cardinality one |}
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