Editing Immanence (section)

== Buddhism ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2011}}
[[Tantra|Tantric]] [[Buddhism]] and [[Dzogchen]] posit a non-dual basis for both experience and reality that could be considered an exposition of a philosophy of immanence that has a history on the subcontinent of India from early CE to the present. A paradoxical [[Nonduality (spirituality)|non-dual]] awareness or ''[[rigpa]]'' ([[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]] — ''vidya'' in [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]) — is said to be the 'self-perfected state' of all beings. Scholarly works differentiate these traditions from [[monism]]. The non-dual is said to be not immanent and not transcendent, not neither, nor both. One classical exposition is the [[Madhyamaka]] refutation of extremes that the philosopher-adept [[Nagarjuna]] propounded.

Exponents of this non-dual tradition emphasize the importance of a direct experience of non-duality through both meditative practice and philosophical investigation. In one version, one maintains awareness as thoughts arise and dissolve within the 'field' of [[mind]]; one does not accept or reject them, rather one lets the mind wander as it will until a subtle sense of immanence dawns. ''Vipassana'', or insight, is the integration of one's 'presence of awareness' with that which arises in the mind. Non-duality or ''rigpa'' is said to be the recognition that both the quiet, calm, abiding state as found in ''samatha'' and the movement or arising of phenomena as found in ''vipassana'' are not separate.