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Implementation Force
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==Components== [[File:IFOR map split.jpg|thumb|Map of the International Sectors under the Peace Agreement.]] NATO member states that contributed forces included Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Non-NATO nations that contributed forces included; Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, the Czech Republic, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malaysia, Morocco, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Russia, and Ukraine.<ref>{{cite book |title=Bosnia: What Every American Should Know |last=Clark |first=A.L. |year=1996 |publisher=[[Berkley Books]] |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/bosniawhateverya00clar|url-access=registration }}</ref> The tasks of the Land Component were carried out by three Multi National Divisions:<ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=John J. |title=Boots on the Ground: Troop Density in Contingency Operations |url=https://www.armyupress.army.mil/portals/7/combat-studies-institute/csi-books/mcgrath_boots.pdf |publisher=Combat Studies Institute Press |publication-place=Fort Leavenworth, Kansas}}</ref> *[[Multi-National Division (South-East) (Bosnia)|Multi-National Division (South-East)]], [[Mostar]] – French led. Also known as the 'Division Salamandre.'<ref>[http://www.cdef.terre.defense.gouv.fr/publications/doctrine/no_spe_chefs_francais/version_us/art08.pdf The Multinational Division South-East in Bosnia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628013729/http://www.cdef.terre.defense.gouv.fr/publications/doctrine/no_spe_chefs_francais/version_us/art08.pdf |date=28 June 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1996 |title=Nº 672 1996 Mayo |url=https://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/media/downloadable/files/links/r/e/revista_ejercito_672.pdf |access-date=March 12, 2025 |website=publicaciones.defensa.gob.es |language=Spanish}}</ref> The divisional headquarters was provided by [[6th Light Armoured Brigade (France)|6th Light Armored Division]] then [[7th Armoured Division (France)|7th Armoured Division]]. ** French Brigade Alpha,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://cavaliers.blindes.free.fr/rgtactive/recap6-opex.html#batinf6 | title=Recap6-opex }}</ref> [[Jablanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Jablanica]] ***[[2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment {{!}} French Foreign Legion Information |url=https://foreignlegion.info/history/2rep/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> ***Moroccan Battalion<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-18 |title=Independence and restoration |url=https://farmorocco.wordpress.com/royal-moroccan-army/history/moroccan-military-history-independence-and-restoration/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Royal Moroccan Armed Forces |language=en}}</ref> - [[Igman]] ** French Brigade Bravo, [[Sarajevo]] ***[[6th Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://cavaliers.blindes.free.fr/rgtactive/recap6-opex.html#batinf2 | title=Recap6-opex }}</ref> ***[[21st Marine Infantry Regiment]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://cavaliers.blindes.free.fr/rgtactive/recap6-opex.html#batinf4 | title=Recap6-opex }}</ref> ***Ukrainian Battalion<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1996 |title=Nº 675 1996 Septiembre |url=https://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/media/downloadable/files/links/r/e/revista_ejercito_675.pdf |access-date=March 12, 2025 |website=publicaciones.defensa.gob.es |language=Spanish}}</ref> ** Italian [[Bersaglieri Brigade "Garibaldi"]], [[Sarajevo]] ***[[8th Bersaglieri Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The medal collection - Esercito Italiano |url=https://www.esercito.difesa.it/en/organization/The-Chief-of-General-Staff-of-the-Army/Southern-Operational-Forces-Command/Garibaldi-Bersaglieri-Brigade/8th-Bersaglieri-Regiment/Pagine/The-medal-collection.aspx |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=www.esercito.difesa.it}}</ref> ***Portuguese Battalion ***Egyptian Battalion **[[:es:Jefatura de Tropas de Montaña «Aragón»|42nd Spanish Mountain Brigade]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=SPABRI I - Spanish army |url=https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/en/misiones/europa/bosnia/09_SPABRI_I.html |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=ejercito.defensa.gob.es}}</ref> [[Medjugorje]] - Col Julio López-Guarch Muro ***[[:es:Regimiento de Cazadores de Montaña «Galicia» n.º 64|64th “Galicia” Mountain Cazadores Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contenido - Ejército de tierra |url=https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/unidades/Huesca/rczm_galicia64/Historial/index.html |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=ejercito.defensa.gob.es}}</ref> - Morstar ***[[:es:Regimiento de Caballería «España»|11th "España" Light Armored Cavalry Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contenido - Ejército de tierra |url=https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/unidades/Zaragoza/rclac11/Unidades/index.html |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=ejercito.defensa.gob.es}}</ref> - [[Trebinje]] *[[Multi-National Division (South-West) (Bosnia)|Multi-National Division (South-West)]], [[Banja Luka]] – British led. The British codename for their armed forces' involvement in IFOR was Operation Resolute.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1996/jul/18/british-forces-bosnia|title=British Forces Bosnia|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|date=18 July 1996|access-date=13 April 2013}}</ref> Division headquarters was provided by [[3rd Mechanised Division (United Kingdom)|3 (UK) Division]]<ref name=jackson>{{cite web|url=http://www.gov-news.org/gov/uk/news/army_senior_appointments/22296.html|title=Army senior appointments|date=23 July 2002|work=United Kingdom Government News|access-date=13 April 2013|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726124912/http://www.gov-news.org/gov/uk/news/army_senior_appointments/22296.html|archive-date=26 July 2011}}</ref> then [[1st (United Kingdom) Division|1st (UK) Armoured Division]].<ref name=lord304>Lord, p. 304</ref> ** [[4th Light Brigade Combat Team|4th UK Armoured Brigade]], [[Šipovo]] - Brig [[Richard Dannatt]] ***2nd Bn, [[The Light Infantry]]<ref>{{Citation |title=2nd Battalion The Light Infantry Bosnia 1995 - 96 Op Grapple 7 | date=28 October 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STzHLNWgNL4 |access-date=2023-12-19 |language=en}}</ref> ***1st Bn, [[Royal Regiment of Fusiliers]]<ref>{{Citation |title=1 RRF Bosnia | date=6 June 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjUqlPSsi4k |access-date=2023-12-19 |language=en}}</ref> ***Dutch Battalion<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-09-08 |title=The Dutch contribution to Implementation Force (IFOR), Stabilization Force (SFOR) and European Force (EUFOR) - Historical missions - Defensie.nl |url=https://english.defensie.nl/topics/historical-missions/mission-overview/1995/implementation-force-ifor-stabilization-force-sfor-and-european-force-eufor/dutch-contribution |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=english.defensie.nl |language=en-GB}}</ref> - [[Šišava]] ***Malaysian Battalion - [[Livno]] ** [[2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group|2nd Canadian Mechanized Brigade]], [[Ćoralići]] - Brig Gen Bruce Jeffries ***Canadian Battalion ***[[Queen's Royal Hussars]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Commonwealth & Foreign Honours to Members of Her Majesty’s Canadian Armed Forces |url=https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/themes/defence/caf/militaryhistory/dhh/honours/commonwealth-foreign-honours.pdf |access-date=March 12, 2025 |website=www.canada.ca |isbn=978-0-660-08826-6}}</ref> - [[Mrkonjić Grad]] ***Czech Battalion<ref>{{Cite web |title=ARMED FORCES OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC: A symbol of democracy and state sovereignty |url=https://www.army.cz/assets/en/ministry-of-defence/newsroom/publication/20-let-acr_en.pdf |access-date=March 12, 2025 |website=www.army.cz}}</ref> - [[Ljubija (town)|Ljubija]] *[[Multi-National Division (North) (Bosnia)|Multi-National Division (North)]], [[Camp Eagle]] at [[Tuzla]] – US led. Task Force Eagle. The US Army [[1st Armored Division (United States)|1st Armored Division]] under the command of Major General [[William L. Nash]], constituted the bulk of the ground forces for Task Force Eagle. They began to deploy on 18 December 1995 and would return to Germany in late 1996. **[[1st Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division (United States)|1st Brigade, 1st Armored Division]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fontenot |first=Gregory |date=2007 |title=Peace in the Posavina, or Deal with Us! |url=https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/military-review/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20070831_art007.pdf |access-date=March 12, 2025 |website=www.armyupress.army.mil}}</ref> Camp Kime - Col Gregory Fontenot. ***[[1st Squadron, 1st Cavalry Regiment|1st Sqdn]], [[1st Cavalry Regiment (United States)|1st Cavalry]] - Camp Gentry ***3rd Bn, [[5th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|5th Cavalry]] - Camp McGovern ***4th Bn, [[67th Armor Regiment (United States)|67th Armor]] - Camp Stephens **[[2nd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division (United States)|2nd Brigade, 1st Armored Division]],<ref name=":0" /> Camp Lisa - Col [[John Batiste]] ***3rd Sqdn, [[4th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|4th Cavalry]] - Camp Molly, Camp Alicia ***4th Bn, [[12th Infantry Regiment (United States)|12th infantry]] - Camp Demi, Camp Pat ***2nd Bn, [[68th Armor Regiment (United States)|68th Armor]] - Camp Linda ** [[1st Separate Airborne Brigade|1st Russian Separate Airborne Brigade]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:2429/ebrary9280810790.pdf |title=Regional peacekeepers: The paradox of Russian peacekeeping |publisher=United Nations University Press |year=2003 |isbn=92-808-1079-0 |editor-last=Mackinlay |editor-first=John |editor-last2=Cross |editor-first2=Peter}}</ref> Camp Ugljevik - Col [[Alexander Lentsov|Alexander Ivanovich Lentsov]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nelson |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-og07El0i00C |title=Bosnia Journal: An American Civilian's Accountof His Service |date=2005 |publisher=Infinity Publishing |isbn=978-0-7414-2321-4 |language=en}}</ref> ***1st Airborne Battalion - [[Priboj]] ***2nd Airborne Battalion - [[Simin Han]] ** [[:pl:Brygada Nordycko-Polska|Nordic-Polish Brigade]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bilski |first=Artur O. |date=March 2001 |title=War and Peacekeeping Mission of the Nordic-Polish Brigade in Bosnia-Herzegovina |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA389550.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250131015427/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA389550.pdf |archive-date=2025-01-31 |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=apps.dtic.mil}}</ref> [[Doboj]] - Danish Brigadegeneral Finn Særmark-Thomsen ***Danish Battalion<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2018 |title=RKK Apprenticeship Partnership Membership |url=https://icds.ee/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/RKK_Apprenticeship__Partnership__Membership_WWW.pdf |website=icds.ee}}</ref> (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania each provided a platoon size element to reinforce the battalion) - Camp Dannevirke, Camp Valhalla ***[[:sv:Bosnien BA05|Swedish Battalion]] - Camp Oden ***[[:pl:Polski Kontyngent Wojskowy w Bośni i Hercegowinie|Polish Battalion]] - [[Teslić]], [[Žepče]] ***Finnish Engineer Battalion - Camp Jussi ***Norwegian Logistics Battalion - Modrica ** Turkish Brigade,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bishop |first=Rob |date=April 19, 1996 |title=Earth moving platoon forms roads out of mud |url=https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/AA/00/06/21/90/00016/04-19-1996.pdf |access-date=March 12, 2025 |website=ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu}}</ref> [[Zenica]] - Col Ahmet Berberoglu ***Turkish Battalion ***Romanian Engineer Battalion<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Changing Security Paradigms in Romania and South Africa after the Cold War |url=https://ispaim.mapn.ro/webroot/fileslib/upload/files/Occasional%20Papers/OP%2016%202011.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250131074223/https://ispaim.mapn.ro/webroot/fileslib/upload/files/Occasional%20Papers/OP%2016%202011.pdf |archive-date=2025-01-31 |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=ispaim.mapn.ro |publisher=Military Publishing House |publication-place=Bucharest}}</ref> On 20 December 1996, the task of IFOR was taken over by [[Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina|SFOR]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nato.int/sfor/docu/d981116a.htm |title=History of the NATO-led Stabilisation Force (SFOR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina |website=NATO |access-date=2018-12-18 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> In turn, SFOR was replaced by the European [[EUFOR Althea]] force in 2004.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3944191.stm |title=EU troops prepare for Bosnia swap |last=Hawton |first=Nick |date=2004-10-23 |work=BBC News |access-date=2018-12-18 |language=en-GB |df=mdy-all}}</ref> NATO began to create service medals once it began to support peacekeeping in the former Yugoslavia, which led to the award to IFOR troops of the [[NATO Medal]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/honours-history-medals-chart/medal-natofy.page |title=NATO Medal for Former Yugoslavia (NATO-FY) |date=2015-07-22 |website=National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces |access-date=2018-12-18 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
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