Editing Indium phosphide (section)

==Applications==
The application fields of InP splits up into three main areas. It is used as the basis for optoelectronic components,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Optoelectronic devices and components – Latest research and news {{!}} Nature|url=https://www.nature.com/subjects/optoelectronic-devices-and-components|access-date=2022-02-22|website=www.nature.com}}</ref> high-speed electronics,<ref>{{Cite web|title=High Speed Electronics|url=https://www.semiconductoronline.com/doc/high-speed-electronics-0001|access-date=2022-02-22|website=www.semiconductoronline.com}}</ref> and photovoltaics<ref>{{Cite web|title=Photovoltaics|url=https://www.seia.org/initiatives/photovoltaics|access-date=2022-02-22|website=SEIA}}</ref>

===High-speed optoelectronics===
InP is used as a substrate for [[epitaxy|epitaxial]] optoelectronic devices based other semiconductors, such as [[indium gallium arsenide]]. The devices include [[pseudomorphic heterojunction bipolar transistor]]s that could operate at 604&nbsp;GHz.<ref>[http://www.azom.com/news.aspx?newsID=2888 Indium Phosphide and Indium Gallium Arsenide Help Break 600 Gigahertz Speed Barrier]. Azom. April 2005</ref>

InP itself has a [[direct bandgap]], making it useful for [[optoelectronics]] devices like [[laser diode]]s and [[photonic integrated circuit]]s for the [[optical telecommunications]] industry, to enable [[wavelength-division multiplexing]] applications.<ref name=":0">[http://www.redherring.com/Home/4817 The Light Brigade] appeared in ''Red Herring'' in 2002. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607095835/http://www.redherring.com/Home/4817 |date=June 7, 2011 }}</ref>  It is used in high-power and high-frequency electronics because of its superior [[electron velocity]] with respect to the more common semiconductors [[silicon]] and [[gallium arsenide]]. 

=== Optical Communications ===
InP is used in lasers, sensitive photodetectors and modulators in the wavelength window typically used for telecommunications, i.e., 1550&nbsp;nm wavelengths, as it is a direct bandgap III-V compound semiconductor material. The wavelength between about 1510&nbsp;nm and 1600&nbsp;nm has the lowest attenuation available on optical fibre (about 0.2&nbsp;dB/km).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=D’Agostino |first1=Domenico |last2=Carnicella |first2=Giuseppe |last3=Ciminelli |first3=Caterina |last4=Thijs |first4=Peter |last5=Veldhoven |first5=Petrus J. |last6=Ambrosius |first6=Huub |last7=Smit |first7=Meint |date=2015-09-21 |title=Low-loss passive waveguides in a generic InP foundry process via local diffusion of zinc|journal=Optics Express |volume=23 |issue=19 |pages=25143–25157 |doi=10.1364/OE.23.025143 |pmid=26406713 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2015OExpr..2325143D }}</ref> Further, O-band and C-band wavelengths supported by InP facilitate [[Single-mode optical fiber|single-mode operation]], reducing effects of [[Modal dispersion|intermodal dispersion]]. 

===Photovoltaics and optical sensing===
InP can be used in photonic integrated circuits that can generate, amplify, control and detect laser light.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Osgood |first=Richard Jr. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1252762727 |title=Principles of photonic integrated circuits : materials, device physics, guided wave design |date=2021 |others=Xiang Meng |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-030-65193-0 |oclc=1252762727}}</ref> 

Optical sensing applications of InP include 
*Air pollution control by real-time detection of gases (CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>X</sub> [or NO + NO<sub>2</sub>], etc.).
*Quick verification of traces of toxic substances in gases and liquids, including tap water, or surface contaminations.
*Spectroscopy for non-destructive control of product, such as food. Researchers of [[Eindhoven University of Technology]] and MantiSpectra have already demonstrated the application of an integrated near-infrared spectral sensor for milk.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hakkel |first1=Kaylee D. |last2=Petruzzella |first2=Maurangelo |last3=Ou |first3=Fang |last4=van Klinken |first4=Anne |last5=Pagliano |first5=Francesco |last6=Liu |first6=Tianran |last7=van Veldhoven |first7=Rene P. J. |last8=Fiore |first8=Andrea |date=2022-01-10 |title=Integrated near-infrared spectral sensing |journal=Nature Communications|volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=103 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-27662-1 |pmc=8748443 |pmid=35013200|bibcode=2022NatCo..13..103H }}</ref> In addition, it has been proven that this technology can also be applied to plastics and illicit drugs.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kranenburg |first1=Ruben F. |last2=Ou |first2=Fang |last3=Sevo |first3=Petar |last4=Petruzzella |first4=Maurangelo |last5=de Ridder |first5=Renee |last6=van Klinken |first6=Anne |last7=Hakkel |first7=Kaylee D. |last8=van Elst |first8=Don M. J. |last9=van Veldhoven |first9=René |last10=Pagliano |first10=Francesco |last11=van Asten |first11=Arian C. |last12=Fiore |first12=Andrea |date=2022-08-01 |title=On-site illicit-drug detection with an integrated near-infrared spectral sensor: A proof of concept |journal=Talanta |volume=245 |pages=123441 |doi=10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123441 |pmid=35405444 |s2cid=247986674 |doi-access=free }}</ref>