Editing Individual and group rights (section)

==Philosophies==
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In the political views of [[classical liberal]]s and some [[Right-libertarianism|right-libertarians]], the role of the government is solely to identify, protect, and enforce the natural rights of the individual while attempting to assure just remedies for transgressions. Liberal governments that respect individual rights often provide for systemic controls that protect individual rights such as a system of [[due process]] in [[criminal justice]]. Certain collective rights, for example, the right of "[[self-determination]] of ''peoples,''"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Charter of the United Nations, Chapter 1: Purposes & Principles|url=http://www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/chapter-i/index.html|access-date=2018-06-02|website=www.un.org|language=en}}</ref> enshrined in Chapter I Article I of the [[United Nations Charter]], enable the establishment to assert these individual rights. If ''people'' are unable to determine their collective future, they are certainly unable to assert or ensure their individual rights, future and freedoms.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2016/entries/rights-group/|title=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|last=Jones|first=Peter|chapter=Group Rights |date=2016|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|edition=Summer 2016}}</ref> Critics suggest that both are necessarily connected and intertwined, rejecting the assertion that they exist in a mutually exclusive relationship.<ref name=":0" />

[[Adam Smith]], in 1776 in his book ''[[The Wealth of Nations]]'', describes the right of each successive generation, as a group, collectively, to the earth and all the earth possesses.<ref>{{harvp|Stewart|1811|pp=85–86}}</ref> The [[United States Declaration of Independence]] states several group, or collective, rights of the people as well as the states, for example the Right of the People: "whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it" and the right of the States: "... as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Declaration of Independence: A Transcription |url=https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration-transcript |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration|date=November 2015 }}</ref>

Dutch legal philosopher [[Hugo Krabbe]] (1908) outlined the difference between the community and individual perspectives:
{{cquote|Thus, two kinds of perspectives on the state emerge from the history of the theory of the state. That of antiquity takes the community as a natural given, sees in her a being of the fullest reality, bearer of all cultural life, requiring no more justification than the existence of the Sun. And there can be no question of granting rights here either, because the only being from whom those rights could come, the individual, derives his jurisdiction precisely from belonging to the community, and only from that. Opposed to this is the conception of the state from the school of natural law, which takes the individual as its starting point, asserts his natural freedom as a right, creates the community from his will and endows her with rights derived from him. To recap,<br />
on the one hand, the community is primary, with her own original right, and the individual secondary, with his rights derived from the community;<br />
on the other hand, the individual is primary, with all the content of his natural freedom as a right, and the community is secondary, a product of individual will and therefore dependent on him in jurisdiction.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krabbe |first=Hugo |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMSFUBA02:000006692:pdf |title=De idee der persoonlijkheid in de staatsleer: redevoering bij de aanvaarding van het hoogleeraarsambt aan de rijks-universiteit te Leiden, den 4 Maart 1908 uitgesproken |trans-title=The Idea of Personality in the Theory of the State: lecture given at the acceptance of the position of professor at Leiden University, 4 March 1908 |publisher=Wolters |year=1908 |location=Groningen |language=nl}}</ref>{{rp|12–13}}}}

The [[Soviet Union]] argued in line with [[Marxism–Leninism]] that the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] over-prioritized individual rights over group rights.<ref name="p172">{{cite journal | last=Lukina | first=Anna | title=Soviet Union and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights | journal=SSRN Electronic Journal | publisher=Elsevier BV | year=2017 | issn=1556-5068 | doi=10.2139/ssrn.2952292 | page=}}</ref>