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Inferiority complex
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==History== The notion of an inferiority complex was introduced into the [[psychoanalytic]] branch of psychology by Alfred Adler, founder of [[classical Adlerian psychology]],<ref name=gregoryzangwill>{{cite book|title=The Oxford Companion to the Mind|editor-last1=Gregory|editor-first1=R.L.|editor-last2=Zangwill|editor-first2=O.L.|date=1987|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=368}}</ref> paralleling what [[Pierre Janet]] had called a feeling of incompleteness (''sentiment d’incomplétude'').<ref>{{cite book|title=The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud|last=Jones|first=Ernest|year=1962|publisher=Basic Books|page=399}}</ref> The idea appears in many of [[Sigmund Freud]]'s works, but has fallen out of favor due to later advances in theory.<ref>{{cite book|title=New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis|last=Freud|first=Sigmund|date=1933|publisher=Norton & Co.|url=https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1933-15061-000|pages=97, 176}}</ref> It was also used on occasion by Freud's sometime colleague [[Carl Jung]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jung|first1=C.G.|last2=von Franz|first2=Marie-Luise|title=Man and his Symbols|year=1978|publisher=Pan Books|pages=51–52}}</ref> (who first employed the term ''[[complex (psychology)|complex]]'' in general as the denotation for a group of related ideas that conform to a certain pattern).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/superiority+complex|title=superiority complex|publisher=The Free Dictionary|access-date=2022-08-27}}</ref> Adler considered that many neurotic symptoms could be traced to overcompensation for this feeling of inferiority,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/inferiority-complex|title=inferiority complex|publisher=Britannica|access-date=2022-08-27}}</ref> as well as such compensatory over-achievements as the oratory of the stammering [[Demosthenes]].<ref name=gregoryzangwill/> In modern literature, the preferred terminology is "lack of [[self-esteem]]".<ref name="Moritz">{{cite journal|last1=Moritz|first1=Steffen|last2=Werner|first2=Ronny|last3=Collani|first3=Gernot von|date=2006|title=The inferiority complex in paranoia readdressed: A study with the Implicit Association Test|url=http://psydok.psycharchives.de/jspui/bitstream/20.500.11780/3607/1/Collani.pdf|journal=Cognitive Neuropsychiatry|volume=11|issue=4|pages=402–15|doi=10.1080/13546800444000263|pmid=17354078|hdl=20.500.11780/3607|s2cid=45630645|hdl-access=free}}</ref>{{Not in citation|date=April 2023|reason=Citation doesn't contain information about "the preferred terminology", only mentioning it as "formerly termed". Also, the term used in the citation as a replacement for what was "formerly termed the 'inferiority complex'" is not "lack of self-esteem" but "a lack of covert self-esteem".}}
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