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Instant coffee
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==Use== [[File:Una tazza di caffè solubile 8.jpg|thumb|upright|A cup of instant coffee from Italy]] Close to 50% of the world's green coffee is used to produce instant coffee.<ref name="RamalakshmiRao2009">{{cite journal|last1=Ramalakshmi|first1=K.|last2=Rao|first2=L. Jagan Mohan|last3=Takano-Ishikawa|first3=Yuko|last4=Goto|first4=Masao|title=Bioactivities of low-grade green coffee and spent coffee in different in vitro model systems|journal=Food Chemistry|volume=115|issue=1|year=2009|pages=79–85|issn=0308-8146|doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.063}}</ref> ===As food=== [[File:Instant Coffee In a Glass Jar.jpg|thumb|upright|Instant coffee in a glass jar]] Instant coffee is available in powder or granulated form contained in glass and plastic jars, [[sachet]]s, or tins. The user controls the strength of the resulting product by adding less or more powder or granules to the water. Instant coffee is also convenient for preparing iced coffee like the [[Greek frappé coffee|Greek frappé]]. In some countries, such as Portugal, Spain, and India, instant coffee is commonly mixed with hot milk instead of boiling water.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travelaway.me/the-curious-case-of-coffee-in-spain/|title=The Curious Case of Coffee in Spain|date=2012-04-18}}</ref> In other countries, such as South Korea, instant coffee commonly comes pre-mixed with [[non-dairy creamer]] and sugar and is called "coffee mix".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/04/117_43613.html |title=Koreans Addicted to Instant Coffee |publisher=Koreatimes.co.kr |date=2009-04-22 |access-date=2013-11-17}}</ref> Said to have been popularised in the UK by [[G.I. (military)|GI]]s during [[World War II]], instant coffee still accounts for over 75 percent of coffee bought to drink in British homes, as opposed to well under 10 percent in the U.S. and France and one percent in Italy.<ref name="BBC News Magazine">{{cite news|last=Magazine Monitor|title=Why do Britons drink so much instant coffee?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-26869244|access-date=5 April 2014|newspaper=BBC News Magazine}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, instant coffee granules are sometimes used to enhance the flavour of sauces used in preparing [[Bolognese_sauce#Spaghetti_bolognese|spaghetti Bolognese]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.prima.co.uk/leisure/celebrity/a37267840/ruth-langsford-spaghetti-bolognese/|title=Ruth Langsford's secret spaghetti bolognese ingredient will divide fans|last=Quick|first=Lucy|date=10 August 2021|work=[[Prima (magazine)|Prima]]|accessdate=12 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/sainsburys-suggests-adding-instant-coffee-to-spaghetti-2015-9?r=US&IR=T|title=This awkward spaghetti recipe is causing an online backlash against a British grocery store|last=Willet-Wei|first=Megan|date=8 September 2015|work=[[Business Insider]]|accessdate=12 August 2021}}</ref> ===Non-food uses=== Instant coffee is one of the ingredients in [[Caffenol]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://caffenol.blogspot.com/2010/08/recipes.html |title=Comparison of different Caffenol formulas |website=caffenol.blogspot.com |date=August 17, 2010 }}</ref> a home-made, non-toxic [[black-and-white]] [[photographic developer]]. The other ingredients in the basic formula are [[ascorbic acid]] (vitamin C) and [[anhydrous]] [[sodium carbonate]]; some recipes also include [[potassium bromide]] as a fog-reducing agent. The active ingredient appears to be [[caffeic acid]]. Initial experiments on Caffenol were performed in 1995 at the [[Rochester Institute of Technology]];<ref>{{cite web |url=https://people.rit.edu/andpph/text-coffee.html |title=A Use for that Last Cup of Coffee: Film and Paper Development] Darkroom and Creative Camera Techniques |date=September 1995 |first=Scott |last=Williams }}</ref> addition of ascorbic acid began around 2000, yielding the improved Caffenol-C, which is less likely to stain negatives than the original formulation. Experiments have shown that cheaper, less desirable brands of coffee work better for this application than more expensive brands.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://caffenol.blogspot.com/2010/03/caffenol-c-m-recipe.html |title=Caffenol-C-M, recipe |date=March 2, 2010 }}</ref> In crafts, Instant coffee can be used as a [[dye]] to stain paper and give the impression of it being aged.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=How to stain paper with coffee {{!}} Bookbinding Workshop Singapore |url=https://www.bookbindingworkshopsg.com/how-to-stain-paper-with-coffee/ |access-date=2024-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref>
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